Flashcards
Human Evolution
Flashcards do conjunto (27)
- 1Definition of 'species'?Any group of organisms that can interbreed with eachother to produce fertile offspring
- 2What group does Hominin describe? Name fourHumans and their direct ancestors. For example the genuses: Homo, Australopithecus, Paranthropus and Ardipithecus
- 3Primate Characteristics?-Hand/foot structure has five digits
-Opposable toes and or thumb
-Nails instead of claws
-Larger brains
-Shortened nose
-Stereoscopic, colour vision - 4Prosimian Characteristics?-High sense of smell
-Have a wet nose
-No colour vision
-Arboreal - 5New world monkey characteristics?-Arboreal
-Brachiate (swings under branches)
-Prehensile tails
-Nostrils point outward, flat nose - 6Old world monkey characteristics?-Nostrils point forward and downward
-Skull is often heavily ridged
-All digits have nails
-Can be aboreal or terrestrial
-DO NOT have prehensile tails - 7Ape characteristics?-Gibbons and great apes known as Pongids
-Closest living relatives to humans
-NO tails
-Terrestrial
-Not bipedal - 8Human characteristics?-Large brain to body size
-Bipedal
-Oppsoable thumb
-Complex language - 9Evidence of the relationship between humans and primates?-Comparative anatomy techniques (fossils and other living primates)
-Chromosome and DNA comparison - 10What conditions do fossils form?-Quick burial in sedimentary layer
-Having bones or exoskeleton
-No oxygen present
-Miniralisation occurs
-Pressure exerted on sedimentary layer - 11What is a relative dating technique? describe oneA relative dating technique dates an object by comparing the environment around it (ie no numerical value)
-Stratification -- comparing layers of sediment and rock - 12What is an absolute dating technique? Describe one-An absolute dating technique provides a quantitative age on an object (ie determines HOW old it is)
-Isotope/ radioactive dating methods
-electron spin resonance - 13What is Karyotype analysis?The comparison of chromosomes within a somatic cell
- 14What is DNA hybridisation?Where two seperate lengths of DNA are heated and sliced together so that differences can be seen
- 15What does PCR stand for and what does it do?PCR (Polymerase Chain Reactions)
PCR allows copying of minute amounts of DNA which is then amplified - 16What is mtDNA?Mitochondrial DNA
-is only passed on through the maternal line
-very predictable mutation rate
-known as the 'molecular clock' - 17What species does the 'Lucy' skeleton belong to?Australopithecus afarensis
- 18Where did humans origionate from? What species migrated from there? How long ago?Africa
Homo erectus
1 million years ago - 19What does the 'Out of Africa' model suggest?A second wave of Homo erectus moved out after the previous wave was wiped out. This occured roughly 10 000 years ago
- 20What does the regional continuity hypothesis state? what evidence?Homo erectus only migrated in one wave. This wave migrated through the world. It is a known fact that Australian Aborigionals migrated to australia 50 000 years ago, disproving the out of africa theory
- 21What are the mechanisms to diversity in humans (3)-Migration
-Adaption
-Isolation - 22Humans are polymorphic. What is polymorphism?Polymorphism is having different forms within a species
this can be seen in humans through skin colour and blood types. Languages and customs can also be applied to this - 23What is Clinal gradation?Geographic variation in frequency of a trait that occurs within a species
eg. sickle cell anaemia is found mostly in malaria prone areas - 24Impacts of cultural development in humans?-Evolutionary advantage
-Specialisation roles
-Agriculture and Urbanisation
-Development of medicine - 25Possible factors effecting human evolution?-Medicine
-Genetic engineering - 26Selection for hair reduction?-Parasite control
-Thermoregulation - 27Selection for Bipedalism?-Carry offspring
-Carry food
-Efficient locomotion (movement)
-Longer eye sight distance
-Holding tools or weapons
-Thermoregulation
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- FlashCards sobre Human Evolution, criado por gaq07b em 15-06-2013.
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- gaq07b
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