Flashcards
Population Dynamics
Flashcards do conjunto (30)
- 1Exponential/Geometric GrowthIf there is no limiting factors that slows down the growth and the growth is exponential
- 2Density-Depending Limiting FactorsThey are biotic. Their effect increase with increasing population size. They act as negative feedback mechanism and lead to stability or regulation of the population.
- 3Internal Density DependentFactors within a species. Ex: limited food supply, limited availability of territories and density dependent fertility.
- 4External Density DependentFactors affect different species. Predation and disease.
- 5Density Independent Limiting FactorsTend to be abiotic. Weather, climate, volcanic eruptions and floods are examples. Wars too
- 6S Curve>exponential growth
>growth rate slows down
>becomes constant
*density dependent - 7Carrying Capacity (K)Maximum population size
- 8Environmental ResistanceLimits increase in numbers of the population (ex lack of food)
- 9J Curves*boom bust pattern
>grows exponentially
>suddenly collapse (diebacks)
>Before collapsing the carrying capacity would be passed (overshoot)
*fish, small mammals, microbes...
- 10r-strategistgrowth rate of the population
>reproduce quickly
>able to colonise new habitats rapidly
>make opportunistic and growth rates
>may exceed carrying capacity with a population crash as a result - 11k-strategistcarrying capacity of the environment
>long life
>slower growth
>late maturity
...etc - 12DemographicsStudy of the dynamics of population change
- 13MED (more economically developed countries)>industrialised nations
>High GDP (gross domestic product)
>population is relatively rich and individuals are unlikely to starve through poverty
>low population growth rates - 14LED (low economically developed countries)>less industrialized or have hardly any industry at all
>they have natural capital but they are tend to be exported and processed in MEDs.
>low GDP and higher poverty rates
>high population growth rate
>more people are poor with low standards of livings - 15Human Population and Environment>more people require more resources
>more people produce more waste
>control population increase and you control resource demand
>Population control and sustainability are intrinsically linked - 16Crude Birth Ratenumber of births per thousand individuals in a population per yer
- 17Crude Death Ratenumber of deaths per thousand individuals in a population a year
- 18Calculating CBR or CDR(Population size/CBR or CDR)*1000
- 19Natural Increase Rate (NIR)(CBR-CDR)/10
- 20Doubling RateTime in years that it takes for a population to double in size
NIR/70 - 21Population Growthcan be defined in terms of BR; doubling time and fertility rate
- 22Total Fertility Rateaverage number of children each women has over her lifetime
- 23Fertiliy RateNumber of births per thousand women of childbearing age.
- 24Malthusian Theory>food supply is the main reason limit to population
>Population increase geometrically
>food supplies increase arithmetically - 25Limitation of Malthusian Theory>too simple
>globalization is overlooked
>poor people are overlooked, poor goes hungry
>world community is still open
>farming technology has increased - 26Boserup's Theory>increase in population would stimulate technologists to increase food production
>population increase will put people to find other sources, use more technology - 27Limitation of Boserup's Theory>idea is based on closed community but the community is open
>immigrant and emigration is not counted
>overpopulation can lead to unsuitable farming techniques this can lead to desertification
>population pressure does not always lead to technological innovation and development - 28When is a country overpopulated?When they cannot afford food/health...
- 29Large Family reason>high infant and childhood mortality
>Security in old age
>Children are an ecenomic asset in agricultural socities
>Status of women
>unavailability of contraception - 30Reduce Family Size>Provide Education
>Improve Health
>Provide contraception
>Increase family income
>Improve resource managment
Informações
- Descrição
- FlashCards sobre Population Dynamics, criado por Elif Erdogan em 27-05-2015.
- Criado por
- Elif Erdogan
- Visualizações
- 24
- Tags
- Avaliação