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- 1What habitats are you most likely to find Arthropods?marine habitats, freshwater habitats, terrestrial habitats, airborne habitats
- 2What is Subphylum, Class & Clade of Arthropoda?Subphylum: Chelicerata, Crustacea, Hexapoda
Clade: Mandibulata, Pancrustacea
Class: Insecta - 3What are 6 Evolutionary advances of Arthropoda?1) Advanced cephalization
2) Tagmosis and somite specialization
3) Jointed appendages
4) Exoskeleton
5) Tracheae
6) Advanced digestive system - 4What is cephalization?Cephalization is an evolutionary trend in which, over many generations, the mouth, sense organs, and nerve ganglia become concentrated at the front end of an animal, producing a head region.
- 5What is Tagmosis?Tagmosis is the evolutionary process where segments in animals combine to form distinct and functional units.
- 6What is Somite specialization?Specialization in
segments for different uses.
Forms bones such as the vertebrae of the vertebral column, muscles, skin, and other tissues that make up each segment. - 7What is an Exoskeleton?An exoskeleton is an external skeleton that both supports the body shape and protects the internal organs of an animal
- 8List some unique features of Arthropoda..jointed foot (Greek)-largest animal phyla
.segmented bodies and appendages
.molt
.compound eyes
.cuticular exoskeleton ( - 9List 5 characteristics of Arthropoda.1) Bilateral symmetry
2) Metameric body divided into tagmata: a)Cephalothorax, abdomen & b) Head, thorax, abdomen
3) Reduced coelom – hemocoel ( the body cavity of animals belonging to arthropods and molluscs)
4) Complete digestive system
5) Open circulatory system - 10Name the 3 most common arts of Arthropoda.1) cephalium (head)
2) thorax
3) abdomen - 11The 4 living subphlya od Arthopoda are _______, _____, _____ and _____Blank 1: Crustacea
Blank 2: Chelicerata
Blank 3: Myriapoda
Blank 4: Hexapoda - 12What is Anthropoda's extinct subphyla?†Trilobitomorpha
- 133 things about Subphylum † Trilobitomorpha1) Pair of longitudinal grooves – three lobes
2) Biramous appendages ( an appendage that has 2 branches)
3) All marine and all extinct - 14Which animals are included in the Subphylum Chelicerata?spiders, horseshoe crabs, sea spiders,
ticks, scorpions - 15How many appendages does the subphylum Chelicerata have?6 pairs
- 16The first pair of appendages for Chelicerata are called _____. The second pair are called ______. The remaining 4 pairs are called _____.Blank 1: chelicerae (grasping and jaw-like)
Blank 2: pedipalps (Aid in holding food)
Blank 3: legs - 17Chelicerata lack _____ and most are _____.Blank 1: antennae
Blank 2: carnivores - 18What animal is in the Class Merostomata?horseshoe crabs
- 19What are the 3 classes of Chelicerata?1) Pycnogonida: sea spiders- suck juices out of prey
2) Merostomata: horseshoe crabs- deposit feeders.
compound eyes, blue blood
3) Arachnida- spiders, ticks, and scorpions - 20What animals are in the Class Arachnida?spiders, ticks, scorpions, mites
- 21The Subphylum Crustacea includes...shrimp, lobsters, crabs, crayfish,
barnacles, isopods, copepods, waterfleas,
and krill
(They have mandibles/chewing jaws, branched antennae, harder= more calcium carbonate in shells) - 22Decapoda class, The Crayfish, has two body sections; _____ and _____.Blank 1: cephalothorax
Blank 2: abdomen - 23Crabs are crustaceans. True crabs have ____ pairs of thorax limbs. _____ pairs for walking plus the clawsBlank 1: 5
Blank 2: 4 - 24which insects are included in the Subphylum Hexapoda(6-legged)? And how many wings?beetles, springtails, protura,
diplura
2 wings - 25Name characteristics of the class Insecta.. 3/4 of all animals
. malpighian tubules for excretion
. separate sexes
. mostly terrestrial
. close association with plants
. great adaptability to many environment - 26Name the 3 body parts of Insecta?cephalium
thorax
abdomen - 27O-Hemiptera are ______ bugs and includes ______, _____, and _____.Blank 1: True
Blank 2: cicada
Blank 3: aphids
Blank 4: bedbugs - 28O-Diptera includes _____ and _____ with _____ pair of wings.Blank 1: flies
Blank 2: mosquitoes
Blank 3: 1 - 29O-Hymenoptera includes which insects?ants, bees & wasps
- 30Do arthropods have an open or closed circulatory system?Open circulatory system
- 31List 3 things in an Open circulatory system.1. Pericardium surrounding the heart
2. Arteries – Arterioles – high-pressure blood to tissues
3. Open sinuses return blood to heart - 32What is Hemolymph?Hemolymph is blood. In open circulatory systems, a fluid called hemolymph is pumped through a blood vessel that empties into the body cavity.
- 33Hemocyanin is _____ because there is more _____ in the blood and hemoglobin is _____ because there is more _____ in the blood.Blank 1: blue
Blank 2: copper
Blank 3: red
Blank 4: iron - 34NephridiaNephridia are small excretory organs that function in waste disposal and osmoregulation. (Crustaceans and arachnids)
- 35What is gonochoristic/dioecious? What animal is the exception?gonochoristic/dioecious: a sexual system where there are only two sexes and each individual organism is either male or female.
exception: barnacles - 36What are the 2 typical development patterns?1. Direct (no larval phase)
2. Indirect (larval phases) - 37What are Holometabolous and Hemimetabolous metamorphosis?Holometabolous: Complete
metamorphosis. (larvae are
called instars; Ex. Monarch life
cycles)
Hemimetabolous: Incomplete or gradual metamorphosis. (Larval stages are called nymphs; Grasshoppers, aquatic insects, dragonflies, mayflies, etc. ) - 38what is the Subphylum and Class of the Phylum Echinodermata?Subphylum: Asterozoa (class; Asteroidea & Ophiuroidea)
Subphylum: Echinozoa (class; Echinoidea, Holothuroidea)
Subphylum: Pelmatozoa (class; Crinoidea) - 39Name some characteristics of P-Echinodermata.. Spiny Skin (Greek)
. only marine
. have no head and no brain
.cosmopolitan (found almost anywhere on the Earth)
. water vascular system (a hydraulic system used by echinoderms, such as sea stars and sea urchins, for locomotion, food and waste transportation)
. coelom ( body cavity in metazoans, located between the intestinal canal and the body wall) - 4010 general characteristics of Echinoderms?1. Deuterostome coelomates
2. Secondary pentamerous radial symmetry
3. Endoskeleton of ossicles
4. Water vascular system
5. Tube feet
6. Pedicellariae – defensive small pincers
7. Complete digestive system
8. Dermal branchiae (gills)
9. No excretory system!
10.Gonochoristic, direct development - 41C- Crinoidea (sea lilies) are _____ feeders. They have _____ arms covered in _____ for feedingBlank 1: filter
Blank 2: feather-like
Blank 3: mucus - 42C-Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers) are _____ and _____ feeders. They have _____ around their mouths and _____ when threatened.Blank 1: suspension (the capture and ingestion of food particles that are suspended in water.)
Blank 2: detritus (consume dead and decaying plant and animal components, as well as their excreta)
Blank 3: tentacles
Blank 4: eviscerate (casting off the internal organs ) - 43C-Echinoidea (sea urchins) includes which animals?sea urchins (rounded long spines)
and sand dollars (flattened short spines)
. They graze and scavenge
. They have a hard skeleton called a test. The test is an endoskeleton of tightly fused ossicles - 44C-Asteroidea (sea stars) feed by _____ or _____.Blank 1: predation
Blank 2: scavenging - 45C-Ophiuroidea (brittle stars) are _____ and _____ feeders with tube feet extremely flexible arms for movingBlank 1: suspension
Blank 2: deposit - 46what are dermal calcareous ossicles?small calcareous elements embedded in the dermis of the body wall of echinoderms. They form part of the endoskeleton and provide rigidity and protection.
( found in Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Holothuroidea) - 47What do Echinoderms use for locomotion?A. Cilia (as larvae)
B. Radial arms
C. Tube feet - 48What is known as " Aristotle’s lantern" on Sea urchins?The mouth. ( used to scrape algae off hard surfaces)
- 49In the deep-sea Echinoderms may make up 90% of the biomass. Sea stars are important _____ predatorsintertidal
- 50True or False: Sea stars have No excretory system?TRUE
(Diffusion only aided by water vascular system and
madreporite) - 51what is the basic concept of evolution?The net directional change or any cumulative
change in the characteristics of organisms or populations
over many generations - 52What is the difference between Allopatric Speciation and Sympatric speciation?Allopatric Speciation: ancestral population evolve into separate species due to a period of geographical separation.
Sympatric speciation: groups from the same ancestral population evolve into separate species without any geographical separation. - 53Gradualism vs Punctuated EquilibriumGradualism: Accumulation of very small changes over long periods of time
Punctuated Equilibrium: a process of evolution that suggests very short, rapid periods of change followed by long periods of stability. - 54What is the difference between an Open circulatory system and a Closed circulatory system?Open circulatory system: (primarily found in invertebrates) The blood flows freely through cavities since there are no vessels to conduct the blood.
Closed circulatory system: (found in vertebrates and a few invertebrates). This system has vessels that conduct blood throughout the body. - 55Natural selection drives evolutionary adaptation. It is the e heart (key mechanism) of Darwin’s theory. What 3 things does it require?1. high reproductive output
2. variation among
individuals of species
3. selective forces - 56What are the 3 forms of selection?1. directional (skews to the right)
2 Stabilizing (In the middle)
3. Disruptive (Skew on left and right - split) - 57The Modern SynthesisNeo-Darwinism plus population genetics
- 58***What are the 5 hallmarks of the phylum Chordata? ***1. Notochord
2. Single, dorsal, tubular
nerve chord
3. Pharyngeal pouches –
gill slits (aquatic)
4. Post-anal tail
5. Endostyle
(Thyroid gland) - 59what are the 3 classes in Urochordata? (the tunicates/sea squirts)3 classes
a. Larvacea
b. Thaliacea
c. Acidacea
(Urochordata are hermaphroditic spawners, tadpole larvae) - 60Cephalochordata (The Lancelets) have _____ sexes.Blank 1: seperate
(2 types: Amphioxus (tri tri cake)
- Branchistoma) - 61Subphylum Vertebrata, Superclass Agnatha. What does Agnatha mean?having no jaws (hagfish and lampreys)
- 62what does Gnathostomata mean?jawed mouth (all tetrapods)
- 63Chondichthyes are _____ fish.cartilaginous
- 64What type of scales do osteichthyes have?3 types of scales - ganoid, cycloid, ctenoid
(They develop from dermal tissue) - 65Superclass Osteichthyes are _____ fishbony
- 66What is the main difference between Actinopterygii and Sarcopterygii? (2 major classes of Osteichthyes)Actinopterygii: Living ray-finned fish
Sarcopterygii: living lobe-finned fish (including tetrapods) - 67***Five characteristics of animals?*** Multicellular Heterotrophs Lack a cell wall Asexual and sexual reproduction At least one motile stage1. Multicellular
2. Heterotrophs
3. Lack a cell wall
4. Asexual and sexual reproduction
5. At least one motile stage - 68Lungfish have how many living species?6
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