Flashcards
Attachment keywords
Flashcards do conjunto (19)
- 1Define attachment (Schaffer 1996)A close emotional bond between two people, a mutual affection and a desire to maintain closeness
- 2Close proximity:Trying to stay physically close to the person they're attached to
- 3Separation distress:Distress (crying, agitation) if attachment figure leaves their presence
- 4Secure base behaviourEven when the child is independent they still return to their attachment figure every so often
- 5Stages of attachmentTheories identify a sequence of different behaviours linked to specific ages
- 6Multiple attachmentsAttachments to two or more people. Most babies appear to develop multiple attachments after attachment to main carer has been made.
- 7Animal studiesStudies carried out on animals rather than humans
Done for ethical and practical reasons
Practical - animals breed faster and researchers can then see results across generations of animals. - 8Learning theoryA set of theories from behaviorist approach.
Emphasis learning in the acquisition of behaviour
Classical and operant conditioning - 9MonotropicUsed to describe Bowlby's theory
Means 'one' indicating that one particular attachment is different from all others and is most important to child's development - 10Internal working modelsMental representations we carry of our attachment to our primary caregiver.
Important in affecting our future relationships because they carry our perception of what relationships are like - 11Critical periodTime within which an attachment must form.
Human infants have a sensitive period which if attachment is not formed it becomes difficult to form an attachment - 12Strange situationa controlled observation testing attachment type
Infants are assessed on their response to playing in unfamiliar room, being left alone, left with a stranger and being reunited with caregiver. - 13Secure attachmentMost desirable attachment type
Most psychologically healthy
Strange situation: moderate stranger/separation anxiety and ease of comfort at reunion - 14Insecure -avoidant attachmentLow anxiety, weak attachment
Strange situation: Low stranger/separation anxiety
Little response to reunion
Avoidant of caregiver - 15Insecure-resistant attachmentStrong attachment and high anxiety
Strange situation: high levels of stranger/separation anxiety
resistance to be comforted at reunion - 16Cultural variations'Culture' - norms and values that exist within any group of people
So, cultural variations is just differences in norms and values between people in different groups
(Attachment: differences in proportion of children of different attachment types). - 17Maternal deprivationConsequences of separation between a child and their main caregiver
Continuous high quality care is essential for normal psychological development
Prolonged separation can cause serious damage to development - 18InstitutionalisationEffects of living in an institutional setting e.g. hospital or orphanage - where children may live for long periods of time
In such places there is often very little emotional care provided
We're interested in effects of institutional care on attachment and development - 19Orphan studiesConcern children placed in care because there parents couldnt look after them
Orphan- child who's parents have died or have abandoned
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- A-Level Psychology Year 1 (Attachment) FlashCards sobre Attachment keywords, criado por Mollie Thompson em 25-04-2016.
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- Mollie Thompson
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