Flashcards
Understanding Human Behaviour - The Social Learning Perspective
Flashcards do conjunto (15)
- 1Social Learning Theory (SLT)The social learning perspective is closely linked with the behavioural perspective. However, it differs from Skinner's learning theory in that it recognises the importance of cognition - we are not 'passive' learners, we use mental processes (cognitions) to select what we attend to
- 2SLTSLT proposes that we learn through:
Observation
Modelling (imitation) our behaviour on others
Reinforcement (direct and indirect) - 3ModellingObserving behaviour and imitating it, even when it is not rewarded - learning from other people, e.g. parents, siblings, peers, teachers, and media
- 4Application of SLT to Pro & Antisocial BehaviourAntisocial behaviour can be learned through observation e.g. parent hitting parent
Child may be rewarded for antisocial behaviour e.g. becoming the centre of attention - 5(Albert) Bandura The Bobo Doll StudyThis was the study that triggered the TV violence debate
72 children (Stanford University Nursery School); 36 boys & 36 girls - age range 3 years - 5 1/2 years - took part in 'The Bobo Doll Study' - 6The Bobo Doll StudyThis was an experiment where there were three conditions and 24 children in each condition
- 7The Three Conditions1. Aggressive behaviour was rewarded
2. Aggressive behaviour was punished
3. Control condition - 8What Happened in Each Condition1. Children viewed male or female adult behaving aggressively to Bobo doll
2. Children were then left to play in a room that contained the Bobo doll
3. Children were observed playing - 9The ResultsThe children in the rewarded condition (1) and the control condition (3) imitated many of the physical and verbal aggressive behaviour
Condition (2) the 'punished condition' Children spent more time playing with the toys (dolls etc.) also more time doing nothing - 10The Bobo Doll Study The ConclusionLearning can take place by observation - this is called 'vicarious learning'
Children extracted the COGNITION (mental representation) that behaviour would be punished in condition 2 and that aggressive behaviour was okay (control condition) or rewarded
However, observational learning cannot be the whole answer, there are individual differences (culture, personality/genes) - 11Application - GenderChildren are rewarded/punished for behaving in gender appropriate ways by parent and peers
Role of the media reinforces gender differences
Role of models to imitate, reinforces gender difference - 12Application - LanguageAdds further detail to the learning explanation of language it adds:
Modelling
Extraction of rules about language from examples (cognition)
Children do imitate their parents; accents are strongly influenced by those which they most hear; and children can extract grammatical rules; run - runned or mouse - mouses - 13Evaluation of StudyScientific method of investigating language development
pioneering, prompted further research. Provides a good account for some language acquisition e.g. accents
But: children acquire language at a speed that suggests a genetic predisposition rather than a gradual learning process
The stags in which language is developed are UNIVERSAL - we would nor expect this if SLT was the whole answer - 14Evaluation of the Social Learning TheoryA plausible, well supported account of development. This theory can be applied to a wide range of behaviours and also takes into account 'cognition'
But, it also focuses too much on SOCIAL learning and the role of others and ignores individual 'discovery' learning that Piaget proposed. Does not take into account the role of genetics and maturation - 15Implications for Child RearingParents should be careful about what behaviours are rewarded/punished
It is easy to reinforce antisocial and undesirable behaviours
Parents should avoid contradictory behaviour
Parents need to be careful of their own behaviours so the child does not copy them
Informações
- Descrição
- Bandura
- Criado por
- Wheels “Wheelsdavis"
- Visualizações
- 6
- Avaliação
Mais sobre Social and observational learning