Flashcards
Nutrition
Flashcards do conjunto (14)
- 1Macronutrient- Includes carbohydrates, protein and fats
- Are typically needed in relatively large quantities each day. - 2Micronutrients- Are required in small amounts
- Include vitamins and minerals - 3Carbohydrates - Function & Sources- Main function is to provide fuel for energy.
- The body metabolises the carbohydrates in food into useful glucose molecules that are then used for energy production.
- Found in fruits (oranges, grapes, bananas), starchy vegetables, corn, beans, pasta, bread. - 4Carbohydrates - Risk- Glucose molecules not used by the body for energy are stored as adipose (fat) tissue.
- Can lead to weight gain, and therefore obesity and diabetes mellitus. - 5Fibre - Function & Sources- Main function is to regulate the functioning of the digestive system.
- Adds bulk to faeces and assists in removing waste products through the digestive tract.
- Found in bran flake cereal, wholemeal bread, raspberries, apples, bananas, potatoes. - 6Fibre - Protective factors- Protective against obesity - by providing a feeling of fullness without the kilojoules, a food intake high in fibre can reduce the amount of energy consumed from other foods.
- Protective against diabetes mellitus - fibre has been shown to reduce the absorption of glucose from the small intestine, decreasing the risk of obesity and diabetes. - 7Protein - Function & Sources- Primary function is the growth, maintenance and repair of body cells.
- Also used as a fuel for energy production.
- Found in eggs, milk, cheese, beef, chicken, legumes, nuts and brown rice. - 8Monounsaturated Fats - Function & Sources- Considered a healthier fat.
- Can assist in the lowering of low density lipoproteins (LDL, the bad cholesterol) and may increase the levels of high density lipoproteins (HDL, the good cholesterol).
- Found in olive oil, avocado, canola oil, nuts and peanut butter. - 9Polyunsaturated Fats - Function & Sources- Considered a healthy fat.
- Two main categories; Omega 3 and Omega 6.
- Acts to lower LDL cholesterol and and increase HDL cholesterol, thus reducing the risk of heart disease.
- Found in fish, soy and canola oils, and most nuts and seeds. - 10Saturated Fats- Increases LDL production in the liver and contains substantial amounts of LDL cholesterol.
- Found in fatty cuts of meat, full cream milk, fried takeaway and commercially baked goods. - 11Trans Fats- Raise LDL cholesterol levels.
- Can interfere with the structure of cell membranes, which can affect the movement of nutrients and fluids in and out of the cells.
- If glucose is restricted from entering the cells, insulin levels increase in response to higher blood gucose levels and can contribute to insulin resistance, increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes.
- Found in processed foods, such as pies and cakes. - 12Calcium- Important role is to act as a hardening or ossifying agent for hard tissue such as teeth, bones and cartilage.
- Found in milk, cheese, yoghurt, fortified soy milk, sardines and salmon. - 13Phosphorus- Main function is to work with calcium to harden or ossify bones and teeth.
- Calcium and phosphorus bind to form calcium phosphate, which is the ossifying agent for hard tissue.
- Found in milk, cheese, yoghurt, chicken, eggs and fish. - 14Sodium- Play a role in the regulation of fluids in the body.
Informações
- Descrição
- Units 3 & 4 Health & HD FlashCards sobre Nutrition, criado por Tiarna Conroy em 20-07-2016.
- Criado por
- Tiarna Conroy · jul 2016
- Atualizado
- 26 jul 2016
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