Flashcards
GEO [#8] Earthquakes
Flashcards do conjunto (27)
- 1Plate TectonicsPlate boundaries are defined by regions of seismic activity
- 2EarthquakeA rebound of previously stored stress that occurs when stress on a fault accumulates sufficient strain to rupture
- 3Elastic Rebound TheoryAn explanation for how energy is released during an earthquake. Can be measured by seismographs
- 4Normal FaultThe hanging wall has moved downward relative to the footwall
- 5Strike-Slip FaultTwo pieces of earth move laterally past each other
- 6Reverse FaultThe hanging wall rises relative to the footwall
- 7EpicenterThe point at the surface where the slip is focused directly below
- 8FocusThe location where the ground ruptures and seismic waves radiate from
- 9P-WavesLongitudinal waves that compress and expand, couse little damage, like pushing a slinky and can pass through solids, liquids and gases
- 10S-WavesTransverse or shear waves that have perpendicular motion and only move through solids. Damaging
- 11Love WavesHorizontal motion normal to direction of travel
- 12Rayleigh WavesHave elliptical motion in the plane perpendicular to the ground surface
- 13Moment MagnitudeA way to measure intensity and energy released that depends on:
Average fault displacement
Rupture area of fault surface
Rigidity of fault rock - 14Locating the EpicenterCan be determined by
seismographs at different locations
differences in p and s wave travel times
distance from rupture
triangulation - 15Mercalli SaleMeasures intensity according to the perception of shaking
- 16LiquefactionPhenomenon in which water-saturated sandy layers of earth act like liquids due to the pressure created by earthquakes
- 17LandslidesClosely linked with liquefaction and is when ground motion and shaking causes the rocks or sediments to move rapidly downslope. Can cause tsunami, slumping, rockfall, landslides
- 18TsunamiA series of waves that result from the displacement of water which can be triggered by volcanoes, landslides, asteroid impact, and large magnitude seismic events
- 19Mechanisms for Inducing EarthquakesInjecting waste deep underground, pumping gas or fluid from underground, hydraulic fracturing, building a dam, nuclear detonations
- 20Hydraulic FracturingInjecting fluids at high pressure into low permeability rock which causes a fracturing formation. Aims to improve the productivity of the oil well by increasing the number of pathways for fluid migration and to increase the reach
- 21Continental and Oceanic BoundaryPlate collision between a dense oceanic plate that subducts beneath a continental plate. Forms a continental volcanic arc
- 22Oceanic and Oceanic BoundaryPlate collision between two dense oceanic plates that leads to subduction and volcanic arcs
- 23Continental and Continental BoundaryPlate collision that leads to the crumpling of plates and mountain formation
- 24FumaroleVents for gases to escape into the atmosphere that is generally associated with a heat source. Gases released can be toxic
- 25CoringThe use of multichannel marine seismic data to identify an area to core. Can interpret sea cores to show tsunami deposits. Use measurements with P-waves, Magnetic susceptibility and gamma rays
- 26ForaminiferaShell possessing protozoa that are single celled organisms characterized by a lack of tissues and organs
- 27TurbiditeA sediment or rock deposited by a turbidity current (rapid, downhill flow of water with increased density due to high amounts of sediment moving)
Informações
- Descrição
- Geology (Geology 202) FlashCards sobre GEO [#8] Earthquakes, criado por Natasha Gidluck em 09-03-2019.
- Criado por
- Natasha Gidluck
- Visualizações
- 2
- Avaliação