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Flashcards

Conditioning

Michaela Goncalves Inglês 57 flashcards

Flashcards do conjunto (57)

  1. 1LearningFormal or informal situation where a person gains knowledge or skills at school or university or in the workplace
  2. 2Observational learning/ modelingOccurs when an organisms responding is influenced by observing others who are called models
  3. 3Process of reinforcementLearn through repetitive reinforcement
  4. 4ConditioningProcess of learning associations between events within the environment
  5. 5PhobiaDefined as an irrational fear of specific objects or situations
  6. 6Classical conditioningType of learning which stimulus 1 obtains the capacity to create a certain response that was originally created by stimulus x
  7. 7AssociationLink or relationship made between one or more event or object or subject
  8. 8StimulusObject, behavior or event that triggers/ conditioned to trigger a response
  9. 9Unconditioned associationNatural, unlearned association that doesn’t have to be created through conditioning
  10. 10Unconditioned stimulusStimulus that creates a spontaneous response without previous conditioning
  11. 11Unconditioned ResponseUnlearned reaction to an unconditioned stimulus that occurs without previous conditioning
  12. 12Conditioned associationRelationship between a stimulus and a response that exists once conditioning has taken place
  13. 13Conditioned stimulusNeutral stimulus that once did not produce a response but now is capable of producing a response through the use of conditioning
  14. 14Conditioned ResponseLearned reaction to a certain stimulus that occurs because of conditioning
  15. 15TrialPresentation of a stimulus/ pair of stimulus to a subject in a classical conditioning environment
  16. 16ReflexesClassically conditioned responses
  17. 17Positive attitude towards stimulusNeutral stimulus + a positive unconditioned stimulus
  18. 18Negative attitude towards stimulusNeutral stimulus + negative unconditioned stimulus
  19. 19AmygdalaPart of the brain that is connected to emotions
  20. 20HippocampusArea of the brain believed to receive emotion related impulses from the amygdala
  21. 21Evaluative conditioningInvolved changes in the preference of a stimulus when that stimulus is paired with other positive or negative stimuli
  22. 22AcquisitionRefers to obtaining, gaining or acquiring knowledge in the initial stages of learning something
  23. 23Stimulus contiguityStimuli must occur together in time and space
  24. 24DopamineGives us pleasurable experiences when the chemical is released
  25. 25ExtinctionGradual weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response occurs in the right circumstances/ due to the response no longer being followed by reinforcers
  26. 26Spontaneous recoveryThe reappearance of an extinguished response after a period of non-exposure to the conditioned stimulus
  27. 27Renewal effectOccurs when a response is extinguished in a different environment from where it was acquired
  28. 28Stimulus generalizationOccurs when a particular response, specific to a certain stimulus is evoked by a new stimulus similar to the original stimulus
  29. 29Panic disorderInvolves overwhelming anxiety or panic attacks that reoccur suddenly and unexpectedly and create anticipatory anxiety and avoidance behaviors
  30. 30Stimulus discriminationOccurs when an organism that has learned a response to a specific stimulus does not response in the same way to the new stimulus that are similar to the original stimulus
  31. 31Higher order conditioningWhere a conditioned stimulus functions as if it were an unconditioned stimulus
  32. 32Operant conditioningIs learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or weakened depending on it’s favorable or unfavorable consequences
  33. 33Law of EffectResponses that lead to satisfying consequences are more likely to be repeated
  34. 34ReinforcementOccurs when an event following a response increases the likelihood of the subject making that response in the future
  35. 35Skinners boxIs an apparatus designed by BF skinner to research operant conditioning
  36. 36Primary reinforcersAre unlearned and inherently reinforced because they satisfy a biological need
  37. 37Secondary reinforcersAre learned or conditioned to acquire reinforcing qualities by being associated with primary reinforcers
  38. 38ShapingThe reinforcement of closer and closer approximations of a desired response
  39. 39Discriminative stimuliCues that influence operant behavior by indicating the probably consequences of a response
  40. 40Positive reinforcementIs the strengthening of a response because it is followed by a rewarding stimulus
  41. 41Negative reinforcementIs the strengthening of a response because it is followed by the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
  42. 42Escape learningIs when a response is learned to decrease or end unpleasant stimulation
  43. 43Avoidance learningA response is acquired that prevents unpleasant stimulation from occurring
  44. 44PunishmentInvolved the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus or the removal of a pleasant stimulus
  45. 45Positive punishmentWeakens a response through the application of an unpleasant stimulus
  46. 46Negative punishmentConsists of the removal of something pleasant
  47. 47Schedule of reinforcementIs a specific pattern of presentation of reinforcers over time
  48. 48Continuous reinforcementOccurs when every instance of a specific response is reinforced
  49. 49Intermittent/ partial reinforcementOccurs when a response is reinforced only some of the time
  50. 50Fixed ratioReinforcement is given only after a specific number of responses
  51. 51Variable - ratioReinforcement occurs after a varying number of responses rather than a fixed number
  52. 52Fixed intervalProvides reinforcement for a response only if a fixed time period has elapsed
  53. 53Variable intervalThe time between reinforcements varies around some average rather than fixed
  54. 54Conditioned Taste AversionStates that if a certain food makes you nauseous and you have a negative experience with it, you will begin to avoid that certain food every time after that
  55. 55PreparednessInvolves species specific predisposition to be conditioned in certain ways and not others
  56. 56Latent learningLearning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs
  57. 57Superstitious behaviorOccurs when a response is accidentally strengthened by a reinforced that follows it, even though delivery of the reinforced was not a result of the response

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FlashCards sobre Conditioning , criado por Michaela Goncalves em 11-06-2019.
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