4_Learning to be happy MCQ

1. 1What does the ABC 3-term contingency represent in relation to POSITIVE psychology?

   1. AAntecedent, Behaviour, Consequence
   2. BAdversity, Belief, Consequent mood
   3. CAversive, Behaviour, Conditioning
   4. DAddicition, Belief, Consequence
2. 2What does the ABC 3-term contingency represent in relation to BEHAVIOURAL psychology?

   1. AAdversity, Belief, Consequent mood
   2. BAntecedent, Belief, Consequence
   3. CAntecedent, Bahaviour, Consequence
   4. DAdversity, Behaviour, Consequent mood
3. 3People who consume more chocolate tend to be happier than those who do not. This correlation is

   1. APositve
   2. BNegative
   3. CZero
   4. DWe do not have enough information
4. 4What does CBT stand for?

   1. ACognitive Behavioural Therapy
   2. BCognitive Behaviour Treatment
   3. CClassical Behavioural Therapy
   4. DConditioning Behaviour Therapies
5. 5Which answer does NOT promote savouring?

   1. ASharing experiences
   2. BMemory building
   3. CSelf-congratulating
   4. DSharpening perceptions
   5. EAbsorption
   6. FMindfulness
6. 6I get to watch my new favourite series (Daredevil) after i do an hour in the gym. This is an example of the Premack Principle.

   1. ATrue
   2. BFalse
   3. CDo not have enough information
7. 7I love Burger King and save it for special occasions like after completing an assignment. The Burger King is contingent upon completing an assignment.

   1. ATrue
   2. BFalse
   3. CWe do not have enough information
8. 8"That's such good news that you got that grade, let's have dinner out tonight!" This is an example of

   1. APassive-Constructive
   2. BPassive-Destructive
   3. CActive-Destructive
   4. DActive constructive
9. 9"Well done for that paintball score, what do you want to do tomorrow?" Is an example of

   1. APassive-Constructive
   2. BPassive-Destructive
   3. CActive-Destructive
   4. DActive_Constructive
10. 10Self-control is...

    1. AThe opposite of impulsiveness and demonstrated by adult humans in the lab
    2. BIs when individuals seek the immediate reinforcement of something. Displayed in animals in the lab
    3. CSeeking reinforcement in a stressful situation
    4. DWho knows?

11. 11Bob wants to know if watching Marvel movies makes you less aggressive than watching DC movies. He starts off by recording the number of aggressive instances occurring after watching a DC movie only this is an instance of

    1. ABaseline
    2. BIntervention
    3. CMarvel and DC what are they?
    4. DControl
12. 12Phil has decided to give himself tokens after each time he goes to the gym. The tokens can be traded for many backup reinforcers, such as going to watch the latest Marvel movie in the cinemas (worth 50 tokens), going to the local comic book store and getting a comic (worth 25 points) and watching an episode of Jessica Jones (worth 10 tokens). The tokens are

    1. AGeneralised conditioned reinforcers
    2. BPositive Reinforcers
    3. CMediators
    4. DNegative Punishers
13. 13If you want to extinguish an unwanted behaviour, you should:

    1. ARemove motivating operations
    2. BReinforce an alternative behaviour
    3. CPunish the unwanted behaviour
    4. DIncrease response effort
14. 14When trying to increase a new behaviour, you should reinforce yourself:

    1. AContingently
    2. BContinuously
    3. CImmediately
    4. DAll of the answers
15. 15Ezra Briger drinks Brawndo on Thursday morning following a night out with his fellow rebels. The Brawndo prevents a headache. Brawndo is a/an

    1. ANegative reinforcer
    2. BNegative punisher
    3. CPositive reinforcer
    4. DPositive punisher
16. 16A target behaviour that is occuring too little that you would like to increase is called a

    1. ABehaviour deficit
    2. BBehaviour excess
    3. CSelf-management
    4. DUndesirable behaviour
17. 17The presence of an establishing operation makes the consequence of a behaviour _________ and the presence of an abolishing operation makes the consequence of the behaviour_____________

    1. AMore reinforcing, Less reinforcing
    2. BLess reinforcing, More reinforcing
    3. CPunishing, Reinforcing
    4. DLess likely, More likely
18. 18Hera wants to increase the amount of exercise she gets. She buys a treadmill so that she will not have to travel to the gym. Having the treadmill so that she exercises more often is an example of

    1. AIncreasing response effort
    2. BDecreasing response effort
    3. CLess cost effective
    4. DPositive reinforcement
19. 19Which of the following is not manipulated in antecedent control procedures?

    1. AReinforcers
    2. BResponse effort
    3. CPunishers
    4. DImmediacy
20. 20If a road safety advert does not change the number of road traffic incidents the advert would be considered a/an ______ stimulus

    1. ANeutral
    2. BNegative
    3. CPositive
    4. DAversive
21. 21Condoms are a/an __________________ for safe-sex and having them therefore may be a/an___________________ for sex.

    1. ADiscriminative stimulus, Establishing Operation
    2. BPositive reinforcer, Aboloshing Operation
    3. CNegative Reinforcer, Establishing Operation
    4. DEstablishing operation, Aboloshing Operation
22. 22What antecedent manipulations could one make to decrease behaviour?

    1. ARemove the discriminitve stimulus
    2. BIncrease response effort
    3. CAdd aboloshing operations
    4. DAll of the answers
23. 23Which procedures will NOT increase self-efficacy?

    1. AFocus on the process of change
    2. BDistinguish past and present
    3. CKeep track of improvements
    4. DDon't let emotions get in the way
    5. EStart with the hardest
24. 24Which is NOT one of the 3 elements of happiness?

    1. AFrequent positive emotion
    2. BSatisfied with own life
    3. CInfrequent negative emotions
    4. DFrequent self-efficacy beliefs
25. 25Money is an unconditioned reinforcer

    1. ATrue
    2. BFalse
26. 26What was the initial unconditioned response in Pavlov's dog study?

    1. ASalivating
    2. BBell
    3. CFood
    4. DBarking
27. 27What was the initial neutral stimulus in Pavlov's study, that later became a conditioned stimulus?

    1. ABell
    2. BFood
    3. CSalivating
    4. DEating
28. 28Which statement regarding self-efficacy is most correct?

    1. AThose that believe they can do something are more likely to be able to
    2. BThose that believe they can do things tend to be less determined
    3. CIndividuals will likely become less motivated
    4. DThe discriminitive stimulus is a stimulus that is present during a reinforced behaviour
29. 29From a behavioural perspective, our personality is

    1. ADue to past experiences
    2. BA set of learned behaviours in a situation
    3. CA set of behaviours developed from social interaction
    4. DConditioned behaviours
30. 30You pretend you have a lot of work to do so you don't have to go to the gym with your best friend. Going to the gym is a stimulus that is __________ by pretending you have work to do. This is an example of _______________ reinforcement.

    1. ARemoved, Negative
    2. BAdded, Positive
    3. CControlled, Positive
    4. DImpulsive, Negative
31. 31Sabine does parkour to keep healthy. In March she injured herself doing a front flip over a wall. Due to the injury she now goes to the gym instead of parkour. The injury

    1. APunished Parkour
    2. BReinforced Parkour
    3. CIncreased response effort
    4. DReally sucked and she is quite annoyed
32. 32Your recent ex PM'd you ninety times, called you four times in one week, and posted seven photos of the two of you on Snapchat, Instagram, Facebook and Tumblr. You keep ignoring your ex. Your ex's behaviour is an example of:

    1. AThem being completely obsessional with you and your dog and is probably the reason why you broke up because they're clingy AF, and no one want's a clingy relationship where you can't even go to the toilet without them being there.
    2. BAn extinction burst
    3. CPositive punishment
    4. DDiscriminitive stimulus
33. 33Zeb is a very untidy flatmate. His flatmates get angry at him when he doesn't tidy up. They have tried yelling at him but it doesn't work. The flatmates yelling is

    1. AA neutral stimuli
    2. BNegative punishment
    3. CPositive punishment
    4. DNegative reinforcement
34. 34Differential reinforcement is the ____________ of one behaviour and the ___________ of another behaviour in a situation.

    1. APunishment, Motivating operation
    2. BReinforcement, Extinction
    3. CShaping, Chaining
    4. DDiscriminitive stimulus, Aboloshing operation
35. 35Colossus praised Deadpool for not killing individuals and ignored him when he did. What procedure is this?

    1. AShaping
    2. BDifferential reinforcement
    3. CChaining
    4. DPunishment
36. 36At first, Luke Skywalker lifted small objects using the force. Master Yoda only praised Luke when the size of the object increased. Using the same approach Yoda was able to get Luke to lift up considerable weights. Yoda used?

    1. AShaping
    2. BChaining
    3. CDifferential reinforcement
    4. DReinforcement
37. 37It took Luke a long time to learn how to pilot an X-wing. First he had to press a button, second he had to flip a switch. Third he had to pull the lever. This is an example of

    1. AA stimulus-response chain
    2. BShaping
    3. CDifferential reinforcement
    4. DReinforcement
38. 38A behavioural contract states the __________ that will be administered contingent on the occurrence of the behaviour.

    1. AConsequence
    2. BPunishment
    3. CReinforcement
    4. DResponse
39. 39What is the first thing that should be done before implementing shaping?

    1. ADefine the target behaviour
    2. BDetermine whether shaping is the most appropriate procedure
    3. CIdentify the starting bahaviour
    4. DChoose the shaping steps
40. 40What does DRI stand for?

    1. ADifferential reinforcement of the incompatible behaviour
    2. BDifferential reinforcement of other behaviour
    3. CDifferential reinforcement of the incomplete behaviour
    4. DDifferential reinforcement of low rate behaviour
41. 41What does ACT stand for?

    1. AAdrenocorticotropic
    2. BAcceptance and Commitment Therapy
    3. CAvoidance and Commitment Therapy
    4. DAttempt and Commitment Therapy
42. 42What is ACT?

    1. AA form of clinical behavioural analysis used in psychotherpy
    2. BA form of therapy which asks you to look back at the past
    3. CAny attempt made to avoid feelings, thoughts, memories and physical sensations that are uncomfortable for us e.g. anxiety
    4. DArrangements of the external enviroment
43. 43Psychological wellbeing is not the absence of sadness it is also

    1. AMeaning and purpose
    2. BMindfulness
    3. CValues
    4. DLife balance and flexibility
    5. ENeeds for belonging
    6. FAll of the answers
44. 44What is Experiental Avoidance (EA)?

    1. AAny attempt made to avoid feelings, thoughts, memories and physical sensations that are uncomfortable to us e.g. anxiety
    2. BA form of clinical behavioural analysis used in psychotherapy
    3. CThe idea that humans are complex beings, capable of verbal language
    4. DStops us from taking behavioural action
45. 45What is the theory behind ACT?

    1. AHumans are complex beings who are capable of verbal language. Language is not only our greatest power it is also our greatest weakness
    2. BThere is a physical switch in our brains known as the struggle switch
    3. CThe ANS reacts as if we have a t-rex chasing us
    4. DPositive psychology can fill the context vacuum
46. 46ACT interventions help us develop an awareness of a higher sense of self known as ____________

    1. ASelf-as-context
    2. BOthers-as-context
    3. CSelf-as-content
    4. DHigher-sense-self
47. 47What is Thorndike's law of effect?

    1. AReinforced behaviours will occur again
    2. BUse a behaviour that occurs often to reinforce a behaviour that does not
    3. CEach step acts as a SD for the next step
    4. DConsequence happens because of a particular behaviour
48. 48Which method would NOT increase a behaviour?

    1. AProvide SD
    2. BEnhance EO
    3. CIncrease response effort
    4. DDecrease response effort
49. 49Which of the following is NOT a facet of psychological flexibility?

    1. ACognitive defusion
    2. BCommitted actions
    3. CSelf-as-context
    4. DAcceptance
    5. EValues
    6. FAttachment to Conceptualised self
50. 50We can remember the goal of therapy by using ACT, the acronym, in this way:

    1. AA: accept your thoughts and feelings
       C: choose a valued direction
       T: take action
    2. BA: avoid your thoughts and feelings
       C: choose a direction
       T: take action
    3. CA: attend your thoughts and feelings
       C: choose a valued direction
       T: take action
    4. DA: acquire new thoughts and feelings
       C: choose a valued direction
       T: take action
51. 51Humans use language in two domains:

    1. APersonal, Public
    2. BPrivate, Public
    3. CPedantic, Publicly
    4. DPersonalised, Public
52. 52In which wave of behavioural psychology would Skinner be considered?

    1. A1st - Basic laboratory studies
    2. B2nd - Using what they've learnt to make lives better
    3. C3rd - The use of developed therapies e.g. CBT, ACT
53. 53Happiness is not a simple concept, it is more than just pleasure such as alcohol and sex. Aristotle proposed that happiness is constructed of _________ and ____________ . Seligman proposed that ___________ related to feelings of commitment and participation in life.

    1. AHedonia (pleasure), Eudaimania (a life well lived), Engagement
    2. BSubjective wellbeing, Flourishing, Homeostasis
    3. CHomeostasis, subjective wellbeing, flourishing
    4. DHedonia, Engangement, Eudaimania
54. 54What is the function of the default mode network?

    1. ALearning and motivation
    2. BMaintain homeostasis
    3. CCause depression
    4. DTell the pituitary gland to release chemicals
55. 55Most neurons only emit one kind of neurotransmitter

    1. ATrue
    2. BFalse
56. 56What is operant conditioning?

    1. AWorks with the consequences of behaviour
    2. BWhen a neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimuli to produce a conditioned response
    3. CWhen a neutral stimulus is combined with an unconditioned stimulus multiple times
    4. DThe idea that our reading behaviour is under stimulus control of the letters
57. 57What is NOT part of habit reversal procedures?

    1. AAwareness training
    2. BMindfulness
    3. CCompeting response training
    4. DSocial support
    5. EMotivating procedures
58. 58Which is NOT a neurotransmitter?

    1. AEndocannabinoids - the 'bliss' molecule
    2. BDopamine - the 'reward' molecule
    3. CEndorphin - the 'pain-killing' molecule
    4. DSerotonin - the 'confidence' molecule
    5. EEpinephrine - the 'energy' molecule
59. 59What is contingency?

    1. ARelationship between response and consequence. An individual will only receive the reinforcement if the behaviour is performed
    2. BSpecifies the task, task record and reinforcement
    3. CThe idea that a behaviour performed more often can reinforce a behaviour performing less often
    4. DThe idea that the consequence must be strong
60. 60Which will NOT decrease behaviour?

    1. AEliminate SD
    2. BArrange an AO
    3. CIncrease response effort
    4. DProvide SD
61. 61What are the two brain networks involved in happiness?

    1. AReward system and Default Mode Network
    2. BAuditory and Visual
    3. CReward System and Endocrine System
    4. DPositive Punishment and Behavioural Contrast
62. 62Luke works in an office whereby his boss is always very critical when Luke presents an idea. He now rarely speaks at work. When he gets home, he often speaks angrily to his friend Ben who is not critical to him. Which of the following explains his behaviour at work and at home?

    1. AWork: Positive Punishment
       Home: Behavioural Contrast
    2. BWork: Negative Punishment
       Home: Positive Reinforcement
    3. CWork: Negative Reinforcement
       Home: Behavioural Contract
    4. DWork: Negative Punishment
       Home: Escape
63. 63Hormones are a type of neurotransmitter?

    1. ATrue
    2. BFalse
64. 64GABA ________ the firing of neurons. Ecstasy leads to a build up of __________ .

    1. AReduces, Serotonin
    2. BIncreases, Dopamine
    3. CReduces, Epinephrine
    4. DIncreases, GABA
65. 65Leia checks her son's room everyday after work to make sure that her son had made the bed and cleared the floor of clothes. She gives her son a point for each day the two tasks have been completed properly and her son can trade points for special activities. What kind of recording did Leia choose to measure her son's behaviour? What are the points?

    1. AOutcome recording, Generalised Conditioned Reinforcers
    2. BInterval recording, points
    3. CTime-sample, tokens
    4. DEvent, Generalised Conditioned Reinforcers
66. 66What is NOT a feature of Angelman's syndrome?

    1. ASmiling
    2. BDevelopmental delay
    3. CConsistent sad moods
    4. DTongue thrusting
67. 67Individuals with Angelman's syndrome tend to have ___________ rates in smiling with good social interactions, than those without.

    1. AHigher
    2. BLower
    3. CThe same
68. 68When it comes to children and tolerance of medical procedures, parents play a key role in helping the child to cope. However, some parents can hinder their child's tolerance by acting in an inappropriate manner what is NOT an inappropriate behaviour?

    1. AOverprotective - dealt with by the therapist educating the parents on what might happen
    2. BUnhelpful Anger - dealt with by being taught skills to alleviate stress
    3. CIntellectualising - dealt with by offering differential reinforcement for appropriate beahaviour
    4. DBeing supportive - helps the child to deal with the stressful situation in which they are in
69. 69Many children are receiving medical treatment for conditions. Medical institutes have devised intervention methods, which is NOT a useful medical intervention for helping children tolerate such procedures?

    1. AChild-friendly environments
    2. BGraduated exposure
    3. CGetting it over and done with quickly
    4. DDistraction
70. 70When losing weight is my goal, I should focus on my weight by the scale recording everyday.

    1. ATrue
    2. BFalse
71. 71A stabbing happened in the subway when I was visiting New York. Now I feel scared every time I am using an underground metro, like the tube. My fear in the tube is a...

    1. AConditioned emotional response
    2. BUnconditioned emotional response
    3. CPositive punisher
    4. DNegative punisher
72. 72Dave starts to record both his positive and negative thoughts as part of his behaviour change plan. He writes down the negative and positive thoughts, as well as recording the antecedents and consequences. Dave now has fewer negative thoughts. This is called:

    1. AReactivity
    2. BContingency contract
    3. CPsychological Flexibility
    4. DThorndike's law of effect
73. 73When behaviour modification procedures are used by an individual to change his or her own behaviour, the process is called?

    1. ASelf-management
    2. BSelf-efficacy
    3. CSelf-reinforcement
    4. DSelf-blaming
74. 74The most powerful of all positive psychology techniques is:

    1. AThree good things method
    2. BRandom acts of kindness
    3. CGratitude visit
75. 75Important other people who help dispense contingent consequences are called:

    1. AMediators
    2. BObsevers
    3. CExperimenters
    4. DFriends

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International Baccalaureate Psychology Quiz on 4_Learning to be happy MCQ, created by Hannah Braden on 19/05/2016.

Author

Hannah Braden

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Created on 19 May 2016 · updated on 11 Feb 2018

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happylearningoperentconditioningdiscriminitive stimulidegreepsychologyinternational baccalaureate

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