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Flashcards

TISSUES

Monika Rose Inglês 175 flashcards

What junctions? Form fluid-tight seals between cells.

Flashcards do conjunto (175)

  1. 1A group of cells, usually with similar embryological origin, specialized for a particular function.Tissue
  2. 2What tissue? Covers surfaces because cells are in contactEpithelial Tissue
  3. 3What tissue? Lines hollow organs, cavities and ductsEpithelial tissue
  4. 4What tissue? Forms glands when cells sink under the surfaceEpithelial tissue
  5. 5What tissue? Cells with little extracellular materials between adjacent plasma membranesEpithelial Tissue
  6. 6What tissue? Apical, lateral, and basal surfaces of cells are modified in various ways to carry out specific functions.Eptihelial tissue
  7. 7What tissue? Arranged in sheets and attached to a basement membrane.Epithelial tissue
  8. 8What tissue? Avascular but has a nerve supplyEpithelial tissue
  9. 9What tissue? High rate of cell division gives this tissue a high capacity for renewal.Epithelial tissue
  10. 10What tissue? Can be simple, pseudostratified or stratifiedEpithelial tissue
  11. 11What tissue? Cell shapes may be squamous, cuboidal, columnar or transitional.Epithelial tissue
  12. 12What type of tissue? Found in the parts of the body where filtration and diffusion is a priority process.Simple Squamous Epithelium
  13. 13What kind of tissue? Lines heart and blood vessels.Simple squamous epithelium
  14. 14What kind of tissue? Function in secretion and absorptionSimple cubodial epithelium
  15. 15What kind of tissue? found covering the ovaries, in the kidneys and eyes, and lining some glandualr ducts.Simple cubodial epithelium
  16. 16what kind of tissue? Lines most of the gastrointestinal tract and contains specialized cells that perform absorption and secrete mucus.Nonciliated simple coumnar epithelium
  17. 17what kind of tissue? Found in a few portions of the upper respiratory tract, where it moves foreign particles trapped in mucus out of the respiratory tract.Ciliated simple columnar epithelium
  18. 18what kind of tissue? contains goblet cells and lines most of the upper respiratory tract.Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
  19. 19what kind of tissue? Has no goblet cells and lines ducts of many glands, the epididymis and part of the male urethra.Nonciliated Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
  20. 20what kind of tissue? Moves mucus in the respiratory tract.Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
  21. 21what kind of tissue? functions in absorption and protection.Nonciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
  22. 22What kind of tissue? Nonkeratinized variety lines the mouth. Karatinized variety lines the epidermis.Stratified squamous epithelium
  23. 23Cells at the apical layer of the stratified cuboidal epithelium are...cube-shaped
  24. 24What kind of tissue? Found in adult sweat glands and in a portion of the male urethra.Stratified cuboidal epithelium
  25. 25What kind of tissue? Protects and provides limited secretion and absorptionStratified cuboidal epithelium
  26. 26what shape? Cell of the apical layer of stratified columnar epithelium have ... shape.columnar shape
  27. 27What kind of tissue? Found in a portion of the male urethra and in large excretory ducts of some glands.Stratified columnar epithelium
  28. 28What kind of tissue? Functions in protection and secretion.Stratified columnar epithelium
  29. 29What kind of tissue? Consists of several layers whose appearance varies with the degree of stretching. Lines the urinary bladder.Transitional epithelium
  30. 30What is? A single cell or a group of epithelial cells adapted for secretion.Gland
  31. 31What are? Two types of glandsEndocrine and Exocrine
  32. 32Which gland? Secretes hormones into interstitial fluid and then into the bloodEndocrine gland
  33. 33Which gland? Secrete hormones into ducts or directly onto a free surface.Exocrine gland
  34. 34Origin of tissues What are 3 primary germ layers within the embryo?endoderm
    mesoderm
    ectoderm
  35. 35Tissue derivations Epithelium derivates from which of the 3 germ layers?All 3 germ layers:
    endoderm
    mesoderm
    exoderm
  36. 36Tissue derivations Connective tissue derivates from which of the 3 germ layers?Mesoderm
  37. 37Tissue derivations Muscle tissue derivates from which of the 3 germ layers?Mesoderm
  38. 38Tissue derivations Nerve tissue derivates from which of the 3 germ layers?Exoderm
  39. 39What are? Points of contact between adjacent plasma membranes?Cell junctions
  40. 40What junctions? Form fluid-tight seals between cells.Tight junctionsWhat junctions? Form fluid-tight seals between cells.
  41. 41What junctions? Anchor cells to one another or to the basement membraneAdherens junctions, desmosomes and hemidesmosomesWhat junctions? Anchor cells to one another or to the basement membrane
  42. 42what junctions? Found where excitation is passed electrically from cell to cell.Gap junctions
    (nexi)    what junctions? Found where excitation is passed electrically from cell to cell.
  43. 43what junctions? Found in the GI tract where movement of water and solutes must be controlled.Tight junctions
    (occluding)    what junctions? Found in the GI tract where movement of water and solutes must be controlled.
  44. 44what junctions? Determine cell polarity (separate apical domain from basolateral domain)Tight junctions
    (occluding)    what junctions? Determine cell polarity (separate apical domain from basolateral domain)
  45. 45What junctions? Found in muscle cells of heart and gut.Gap junctions
    (nexi)    What junctions? Found in muscle cells of heart and gut.
  46. 46What junctions? are spot-like junctions that form physical "welds" between adjacent cells.DesmosomesWhat junctions? are spot-like junctions that form physical "welds" between adjacent cells.
  47. 47what junctions? found in large numbers in deeper layers of the skin.Desmosomeswhat junctions? found in large numbers in deeper layers of the skin.
  48. 48what junctions? link the basal domain of an epithelial cell to the basal lamina.Hemidesmosomeswhat junctions? link the basal domain of an epithelial cell to the basal lamina.
  49. 49what junctions? Anchorage juctions that form belt-like junctions associated with actin filaments.Adherens junctions
    (Zonula adherens)    what junctions? Anchorage juctions that form belt-like junctions associated with actin filaments.
  50. 50what junction? Allow charged ions to pass from one cell to the next cell.Gap junctions
  51. 51Cell processes (projections) Many movable structures which project in a parallel rows from some epithelial surfaces, especially in respiratory and female reproductive tracts.Cilia
  52. 52Cell processes (projections) Beat with a wave-like, synchronous rhythm. Propel substances in a consistent direction over the epithelial surface; many of themCilia
  53. 53Cell processes (projections) Tiny finger-like projections of the plasma membrane on the lumen side of a tube.Microvilli
  54. 54Cell processes (projections) Found in epithelia specialized for absorption.Microvilli
  55. 55Cell processes (projections) Increase surface area for absorption, ex. lining of small intestineMicrovilli
  56. 56Cell processes (projections) Very long microvilli; found in small numbers in parts of male reproductive system, epididymis. Aid in absorption.Sterocilia
  57. 57Cell processes (projections) Long, thin cellular organelles that protrude from the surface of a cell and are used for locomotion; usually found as one projection; Found in spermFlagella
  58. 58Cell processes (projections) Don't beat or move things along. Found in clumps instead of continuous carpet. Uncommon in human body.Stereocilia
  59. 59Cell processes (projections) Move fluids along a cell's surface.Cilia
  60. 60Cell processes (projections) Moves an entire cell.Flagella
  61. 61Cell processes (projections) similarities of which projections? -pairs of microtubules -covered by cell membrane -basal body is centriole responsible for initiating assemblyCilia and Flagella
  62. 62Cellular Receptors What are 4 basic types of cellular receptors?1. Channel-linked
    2. Enzme-linked
    3. G-protein-coupled
    4. Intracellular
  63. 63Which cellular receptor? Also called ligand-gated ion channels; have receptor and transducing functions as part of same protein moleculeChannel-linked receptor
  64. 64Which cellular receptor? Interaction of chemical signal with binding site cause the opening or closing of an ion pore in another part of the same molecule.Channel-linked receptors
  65. 65Which cellular receptor? Have extracellular binding site for chemical signals.Enzyme-linked receptors
  66. 66Which cellular receptor? The intracellular part of the receptor is an enzyme with catalytic activity.Enzyme-linked receptor
  67. 67Which cellular receptor? The catalytic activity is regulated by binding of the extracellular signal; binding cause a change in the physiological functioning of the cell.Enzyme-linked repceptor
  68. 68Which cellular receptor? Regulate intracellular reaction by use of an intermediate transducing molecule, called G-protein.G-Protein-coupled receptor
  69. 69Why are G-proteins called that?Becuase they have bind Guanine-containng nucleotides
  70. 70Why are G-proteins sometimes called molecular amplifiers?Because a small number of molecules that attach to the G-protein-coupled receptor can trigger large metabolic effects.
  71. 71Which cellular receptor? The muscarinic receptor for the neurotransmitter acetycholineG-protein-coupled receptor
  72. 72Which cellular receptor? Substances that bind to these receptors cross the plasma membrane to bind to the receptor.Intracellular receptors
  73. 73Which cellular receptor? Many cause activation of a cascade of reactions that produce new mRNA and protein within the cell.Intracellular receptors
  74. 74Which cellular receptor? The activated form of the receptor can move into the nucleus and directly interact with nuclear DNA, thereby affecting gene expression by altering DNA transcription.Intracellular receptors
  75. 75Cells Composed of basal lamina and reticular laminaBasement membrane
  76. 76Cells What holds (epithilium) cells to connective tissue?Basement membrane
  77. 77Cells What is a guide for cell migration during development?Basement membrane
  78. 78What is Transmembrane protein that enables the cell to recognize and bind specific moleculesReceptor
  79. 79There are _________ for hormones, neurotransmitters and certain essential nutrients.Receptors
  80. 80What is stimulus-dependent secretion; characteristic of cells specialized for synthesis and release of a large volume of secretion (exocrine glands)Regulated secretion
  81. 81What is secretory product is not concentrated in conspicuous secretory granules but is released continuously in small vesicles that fuse with the plasma memebraneConstitutive secretion
  82. 82What is a process of information transfer mediated by soluble extracellular chemical stimuli, such as hormones, neurotransmitters or cytokines, that bind to transmembrane receptors at the cell surfaceTransduction
  83. 83This starts intracellular signaling events that result in a change in a physiological process.Transduction
  84. 84Any type of signaling circuit used by cells to monitor external and internal states in order to effect a change in cell activity.Transduction
  85. 85Message is transferred from outside to inside of the cell.Transduction
  86. 86What are 2 types of Epithelium?1. Covering and lining epithelium
    2. Glandualar epithelium
  87. 87Which type of Epithelium? covering & lining OR glandular -epidermis of skin -lining of blood vessels and ducts -lining respiratory, urinary and GI tractCovering & lining epithelium
  88. 88Which type of Epithelium? covering & lining OR glandular -secreting portion of glands -thyroid, adrenal and sweat glandsGlandular Epithelium
  89. 89What are the 3 layer classifications of Epithelium?1. simple
    2. stratified
    2. pseudostratified
  90. 90What are 4 shape classification of a tissue?1. Squamous
    2. Cubodial
    3. Columnar
    4. Transitional
  91. 91Which tissue? -single layer of flat cells -lines blood vessels (endothelium), body cavities (mesothelium) -very thin - controls diffusion, osmosis and filtration -nuclei centrally locatedSimple Squamous Epithelium
  92. 92Which tissue? -single layer of cube-shaped cells -nuclei round and centrally located -lines tubes of KIDNEYS -absorption and secretionSimple Cubodial Epithelium
  93. 93Which tissue? -single layer of rectangular cells -goblet cells secrete mucus -lubricate GI, respiratory, reproductive and urinary systems -microvilli for absorption in GI tractNoncilliated Simple Columnar
  94. 94Which tissue? -Single layer rectangular cells with cilia -mucus from goblet cells moved along by cilia -found in Fallopian tubesCiliated Simple coumnar epthilium
  95. 95Goblet cells are ____________.columnar
  96. 96Which tissue? -several cell layers thick -surface cells flat -keratinized cells (skin, epidermis) -nonkeratinized cells (mouth, vagina)Stratified Squamous Epthilium
  97. 97What are? Surface cells dead and filled with keratin ex. skin (epidermis)Keratinized cells
  98. 98What are? No keratin in moist living cells at surface ex. mouth, vaginaNonkeratinized cells
  99. 99Protein substance that makes cells hard and kill the cells.Keratin
  100. 100What kind of tissue? -multilayered -surface cells are cuboidal -rare in human body -only found in sweat gland ducts and male urethraStratified Cuboidal Epithelium
  101. 101What kind of tissue? -multilayered -surface cells are columnar -rare (very large ducts and part of male urethra)Stratified Columnar Epithelium
  102. 102What kind of tissue? -multilayered -surface cells vary in shape from round to flat if stretched -lines hollow organs that expend fro within (urinary bladder)Transitional Epithelium
  103. 103Which kind of tissue? -single cell layer -all cells attach to basement membrane but not all reach the free surface -nuclei at varying depths -respiratory system, male urethra & epididymisPseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
  104. 104Derived from epithelial cells that sank below the surface during development.Glandular Epithelium
  105. 105Cells that secret sweat, ear wax, saliva or digestive enzymes into free surface of epithelial layer.Exocrine glands
  106. 106Which glands? Connected to the surface by tubes (ducts) except for goblet cells .Exorine glands
  107. 107Unicellular glands (goblet cells) or multicellular glandsExocrine glands
  108. 108Which glands? Secrete hormones directly into the bloodstreamEndocrine glands
  109. 109Which glands? Hormones help maintain homeostatisEndocrine glands
  110. 110Ductless glandsEndocrine glands
  111. 111A gland that secrets its product onto an epithelial surface (directly or through a duct.Exorine glands
  112. 112The surface of the skin or the lumen of a body cavity or tube ex. small intenstineEpithelial surface
  113. 113Singled-celled glands ex. goblet cellsUnicellular glands
    (Exocrine)
  114. 114What glands? Composed of many secretory cells and also cells that form walls of duct.Muliticellular glands
  115. 115Simple vs. Compound Gland Gland with a duct that does NOT branch out.Simple gland
  116. 116Simple vs. Compound Gland Ducts DO branch out ex. salivary glands, prostate, pancreasCompound glands
  117. 117Exocrine glands Shape of the secretory portion resembles shape of duct portion; uniform tubeTubularExocrine glands Shape of the secretory portion resembles shape of duct portion; uniform tube
  118. 118Exocrine glands Shape of the secretory portion is "inflated" compared to the duct portion ex. mammary glandAcinar
    (alveolar)    Exocrine glands Shape of the secretory portion is "inflated" compared to the duct portion ex. mammary gland
  119. 119Exocrine glands Shape of secretory portion is intermediate between tubular and acinar ex. pancreasTubuloacinar
  120. 120Glandular secretion These glands release watery sweat by exocytosis ex. saliva, digestive enzymes and most sweat glandsMerocrine glands
  121. 121Glandular secretion Apical portion of cell pinches off to be discharged ex. sweat glands in axillary regionApocrine glands
  122. 122Glandular Secretion wHOLE cell disintegrates and ruptures to release secretion; oil (sebaceous) glandHolocrine glands
  123. 123Glandular Secretion Not functional until puberty.Apocrine glands
  124. 124What type of tissue? General term -cells rarely touch due to extracellular matrix -contains matrix (fibers & ground substance secreted by cells) -consistency varies from liquid, gel to solid -does not occur on free surface -good nerve & blood supply except cartilage and tendondsConnective Tissue
  125. 1252 types of connective tissue cellsBlast & cyte cells
  126. 126what type of connective tissue cell? Retain ability to divide and produce matrixBlast cells
  127. 1273 types of blast cellsFibroblasts
    Chondroblasts
    Osteoblasts
  128. 128what type of connective tissue cell? Mature cell that can NOT divide or produce matrixCyte cells
  129. 1292 types of cyte cellsChondrocytes
    osteocytes
  130. 130what type of connective tissue cell? _________ produce histamine that dilate small blood vesselsMast cells
  131. 131what type of connective tissue cell? _______________ develop from B lymphocytes; produce antibodies that fight against foreign substancesPlasma cells
  132. 132what type of connective tissue cell? _______________ develop from monocytes (WBC); engulf bacteria & debris by phagocytosisMacrophages
  133. 133what type of connective tissue cell? Fat cells that store fatAdipocytes
  134. 134Connective Tissue -supports the cells and fibers -helps determine the consistency of matrix (fluid, gel, solid) -contains many large moleculesGround substance
  135. 135Connective Tissue Ground Substance ____________ ______ is thick, viscous and slipperyHyaluronic acid
  136. 136Connective Tissue Ground Substance _____________ ____________ is jellylike substance providing supportChondroitin sulfate
  137. 137Connective Tissue Ground Substance ___________ ___________ bind collagen fivers to ground substance (fribronectin)Adhesion proteins
  138. 138What are 3 types of connective tissue fibers?1. Collagen
    2. Elastin
    3. Reticular
  139. 139Connective Tissue Fibers -25% of protein in your body -tough, resistant to pull yet pliable -formed from the protein collagenCOLLAGEN
  140. 140Connective Tissue Fibers -smaller diameter fibers formed from protein elastin -can stretch up to 150% of relaxed length and return to original shape -lungs, ear cartilage, blood vesselsELASTIN
  141. 141Connective Tissue Fibers -thin, branched fibers that form framework of organs -formed from protein collagen -spleen and lymph nodesRETICULAR
  142. 142Embryonic Connective Tissue -irregularly shaped cells -semifluid ground substance with reticular fibers -gives rise to all other types of connective tissue!Mesenchyme
  143. 143Embryonic Connective Tissue -star-shaped cells in jelly-like ground substance -found only in umbilical cord!Mucous Connective Tissue
  144. 144What type of Connective Tissue? -loosely woven fibers throughout tissuesLoose Connective Tissue
  145. 1453 types of loose connective tissues1. Areolar
    2. Adipose
    3. Reticular
  146. 146What type of Connective Tissue? -cell types: fibroblasts, plasma cells, macrophages, mast cells & few WBC -all 3 types of fibers present: collagen, elastin, reticular -jelly-like ground substanceAREOLAR
    CONNECTIVE TISSUE
  147. 147What type of Connective Tissue? -Peripheral nuclei due to large fat storage droplet -deeper layer of skin (Subcutaneous) -cusions and isulates internal organs -yellow bone marrow -reduces heat loss, energy storage, protection -brown fat found in infants has more blood vessels and mithochondria and responsible for heat generationADIPOSE TISSUE
  148. 148What type of Connective Tissue? Nucleus displaces to side of cellADIPOSE TISSUE
  149. 149If you inherit the abnormal gene from only one parent, you can get the disease.Autosomal Dominant
  150. 150What type of connective tissue? -network of fibers and cells that produce framework of organs -holds organs together (spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow)Reticular
    Connective Tissue
  151. 151What type of connective tissue? -more fibers present but fewer cellsDense
    Connective Tissue
  152. 1523 types of dense connective tissue1. Dense regular
    2. Dense irregular
    3. Elastic
  153. 153What type of dense connective tissue? -collagen fibers in parallel bundles with fibroblasts between bundles of collagen fibers -white, tough and pliable when unstained -forms tendons -aka white fibrous connective tissueDENSE REGULAR
    CONNECTIVE TISSUE
  154. 154What type of dense connective tissue? -collagen fibers are irregularly arranged (interwoven) -tissue can resist tension from ANY direction -very tough tissue -found in white of eyeball(sclera), dermis of skinDENSE IRREGULAR
    CONNECTIVE TISSUE
  155. 155What type of dense connective tissue? -branching elastic fibers and fibroblasts -can stretch and till return to original shape -lung tissue, vocal cords, ligament between vertebraeELASTIC
    CONNECTIVE TISSUE
  156. 156what type of tissue? -network of fibers in rubbery ground substance -resilient and can endure more stress than loose or dense connective tissuesCARTILAGE
  157. 1573 types of cartilage1. Hyaline cartilage
    2. Fibrocartilage
    3. Elastic cartilage
  158. 158What type of Cartilage? -bluish-shiny white rubbery substance -chondrocytes sit in spaces called lacunae -no blood vessels or nerves so repair is very slow -reduces friction at joints as articular cartilageHYALINE CARTILAGE
  159. 159What type of cartilage? -strongest type of cartilage -many more collagen fibers causes rigidity & stiffness -in intervertebral disks, symphysis pubis (hips)FIBROCARTILAGE
  160. 160what type of cartilage? -elastic fibers help maintain shape after deformation -ear, nose, vocal carilagesELASTIC CARTILAGE
  161. 1612 types of bone (osseous) tissueSPONGY BONE
    COMPACT BONE
  162. 162Which type of bone tissue? -sponge-like with spaces and trabeculae -trabeculae = struts of bone surrounded by red bone marrow -no osteonsSPONGY BONE
  163. 163Which type of bone tissue? -solid, dense bone -basic unit of structure is osteon (Haversian system)COMPACT BONE
  164. 164Which type of connective tissue? Protects, provides for movement, stores minerals, site of blood cell formation.BONE (OSSEOUS)
    TISSUE
  165. 165Which type of connective tissue? -osteon - lamellae rings of mineralized matrix -osteocyotes in spaces (lacunae) in between lamellae -Canaliculi (tiny canals) connect cell to cellCOMPACT BONE
  166. 166which type of connective tissue? -liquid matrix (plasma) - red blood cells (erythrocytes) - white blood cells (leukocytes) - cell fragments (platelets)BLOOD
  167. 167what type of connective tissue? -provide clotting -protection from infection -carry oxygen and carbon dioxide -carry nutrients & hormonesBLOOD
  168. 168what type of tissue? -cells that shorten -provide us with motion, posture and heatMUSCLE TISSUES
  169. 1693 types of muscle tissuesSKELETAL
    CARDIAC
    SMOOTH
  170. 170which type of muscle tissue? -cells are long cylinder with many peripheral nuclei -multinucleate -visible light and dark banding (looks striated) -voluntary controlSKELETAL MUSCLE
  171. 171what type of muscle tissue? -cells are branched cylinders with one central nuclei -involuntary and striated -attached to and communicate with each other by intercalated discs and desmosomesCARDIAC MUSCLE
  172. 172what type of muscle tissue? -spindle shaped cells with a single central nuclei -walls of hollow organs (blood vessels, GI tract, bladder) -involuntary and non striatedSMOOTH MUSCLE
  173. 173What type of connective tissue? -nerve cells and neuroglial cells -nucleus and long cell processes conduct nerve signalsNERVE TISSUE
  174. 174Signal travels towards the cell lbodyDendrite
  175. 175Signal travels away from the cell bodyAxon

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FlashCards sobre TISSUES, criado por Monika Rose em 17-03-2015.
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Monika Rose
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