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china

Lizzie Hastings History GCSE Inglês 55 flashcards

Flashcards do conjunto (55)

  1. 1When was the Long March1934-35
  2. 2When did marchers cross the Yangtze riverMay 1935, 22 people were shot
  3. 3When did the communists get to YananOctober 1935
  4. 4Negative impacts of Long March- 10,000 out of 80,000 communists survived
    - Nationalist control certain in China
    - Uncertain of soviet survival in Yanan
  5. 5Positive Impacts of Long March- good propoganda
    - won support of peasants
    - established base at Yanan
    - Mao's position as leader confirmed
  6. 6When was war declared with JapanJuly 1937
  7. 7Causes of the war with Japan- warlords put pressure on Chiang to unite with CCP in Dec 1936
    - both common goal to remove Japan from China
  8. 8Events of war with Japan- bad 1st four years- Japan captured major cities
    - Rape of Nanjing
    - Pearl Harbour
    - 2 atom bombs Aug 1945= end of war
  9. 9When was the rape of NanjingDecember 1937
  10. 10Events of the Rape of Nanjing-30,000 killed
    - 20,000 women and girls raped by gangs of soldiers
  11. 11Events after Pearl Harbour- 1941, Japan bombed Pearl Harbour
    - USA, USSR and Britain sent resources to China
    - 2 atom bombs dropped on the Japanese = END OF WAR
  12. 12Membership of the CCP from 1945-4740,000--> 1.2 million
  13. 13Limits of the GMD- poor leadership
    - broke down under pressure
    - no loyalty due to conscript army
    - unpopular with peasants (high taxes and conscription)
    - GMD areas suffered heavy bombing (Chongqing)
  14. 14When was the Civil War1946-1949
  15. 151st stage of Civil war- July 1946-May 1947= GMD success
    - CCP lost Yanan
    - PLA gained control of Northern Manchuria using guerilla tactics
  16. 162nd stage of Civil war- May 1947-Nov 1948
    -PLA full scale attacks and conventional warfare
    - GMD territory shrinking
  17. 173rd stage Civil war- Dec 1948-Oct 1949
    - communist succes
  18. 18Battle of Huai-Hai datesNovember 1948- January 1949
  19. 19tactics of battle of Huai-Hai- Chiang made a stand to cut off CCP at Xuzhou, but failed
    - PLA destroyed surrounding area of GMD= no food
  20. 20Effects of battle of Huai-Hai- Chiang did not allow to retreat leading to loss of 200,000 men
    - essential for CCP victory--weakened GMD
    - GMD lost funding from USA
    - Mao formed the PRC, Chiang fled to Taiwan
  21. 21When did the communists surrender10th January 1949
  22. 22Military reasons for CCP success- leadership
    - tactics
    - quality of troops
  23. 23How did leadership cause victory of civil war- Mao was a strong leader and allowed the generals to have power, e.g. Lin Biao and his guerilla tactics
    - Chiang was a weak leader who had little strength or control
  24. 24How did tactics cause the victory of the civil war- the CCP's tactics were adapted to the situation, using both conventional and guerilla
    - the GMD made many tactical errors, e.g. sending troops into Manchuria and losing 500,000 men
  25. 25How did quality of troops cause the victory of the civil war- the PLA was a disciplined and motivated army
    - lots of people joined willingly, and villagers provided supplies for them
    - NRA was a conscript army, with bad treatment of troops and villagers= deaths and desertations
  26. 26political reasons for success of Mao in civil war- leadership was unchallenged and secure
    - good propoganda
    - support of the peasants
    - democratic dictatorship
  27. 27political reasons for failure of f Chiang in the Civil war- corrupt and unskilled
    - Chiang promised 3 principles of the people but it didn't happen-- caused anger
    - Dictatorship
    - local officials took bribes- no money- no effective reforms
    - no political support by October 1949
  28. 28Social reasons for success of CCP in civil war- Mao made land reforms in civil war, won over peasants
    - middle class loyalty to CCP from resistance to Japan vs GMD allowing Japan to take land
  29. 29When was the boxer rebellion1899-1901
  30. 30Impact of the boxer rebellion- new army under manchu control 1908
    - abolition of foot binding 1902
    - nationalisation of railways (more Qing control)
    - educational reforms (scholarships abroad)
    - national consultative council (government advice)
  31. 31Causes- weak government (Puyi 2yo)
    - failed political reforms (too little too late)
    - spread of revolutionary ideas (Sun Yat Sen popular nationalism)
    - consequences of army reform= expensive=increases taxes= unpopular government
    -resentment over railways (borrowed money from Western powwers=foreign devils)
  32. 32Events of the 1911 revolution-began from accidental bomb in Hankou
    -led to revolt against Manchu soldiers and troops
    - double tenth-> mutiny spreading to provinces (no control)
  33. 33Who was the leader of the 1911 revoltYuan Shikai, gave support to rebels
  34. 34Results of the 11911 revolution- Sun Yat Sen stepped down as president for Yuan Shikai
    - Started the warlord era
  35. 35When was the Warlord era1916-1927
  36. 36When was the death of Yuan ShikaiJune 1916
  37. 37China under the Warlords- cruel rulers
    - agreements with foreign powers
    - no central government to organise 1918 drought and 1923-25 flood = revolutionary ideas
    - own financial and legal systems
  38. 38Which warlord split open heads of opponentsZang Zongzhang
  39. 39which warlord warned soldiers against mutinyZhang Zuoling, by cruel punishments and beheadings
  40. 40When was the May 4th movement1919
  41. 41What was the cause of the May 4th movement- Japan given German possessions in TofV=humiliating treatment of China
    - students from Beijing resisted and spread strikes and protests= government refused to sign treaty
  42. 42Sun Yat Sen- forced into exile after failed revolution in 1895, set up GMD when returned in 1917
  43. 43Chiang Kai-Shek- appointed as commander of NRA to replace Sun Yat Sen
  44. 44GMD- followed Sun Ya Sen's 3 principles of the people
    - nationalist party
  45. 45What were the three principles of the people- remove foreign control
    - raise chinese people out of poverty
    - modernise china
  46. 46the CCP- wanted to reach equality for lower classes (class struggle)
    - founded in june 1921
  47. 471st United Front's aim- destroy warlords
    - expel foreigners
    - improve lives of the people
  48. 48influence of the USSR- convinced CCP to work with the GMD (Comintern)
    - CCP had to obey due to $5000 a year funding
    - CCP too small for marxist revolution
    - 3 principles of people similar to communist ideas of equality
  49. 49When was the northern expedition?1926-28
  50. 50Who was the northern expedition againstthe warlords, to remove them from power, by the united front
  51. 51Why was it a success- strength and tactics of the united front vs weak warlord private armies
    - gained support of the peasants
    - Chiang made deals with warlords-- bribed to submit to GMD control
  52. 52When were the extermination campaigns1930-1934
  53. 53Who were the extermination campaigns againstthe communists, by the GMD
  54. 54How many extermination campaigns were there5
  55. 55how many communists died in the extermination campaigns60,000 soldiers, and 50% of territory lost

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GCSE History FlashCards sobre china, criado por Lizzie Hastings em 30-09-2021.
Criado por
Lizzie Hastings
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