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Flashcards

The Blood

Adrianna Bialecka Biology Leaving Certificate Inglês 44 flashcards

Describe Red Blood Cells

Flashcards do conjunto (44)

  1. 1What are the two vascular systems humans have?Blood System and Lymph System
  2. 2What does the blood system consists of?Plasma and Blood cells
  3. 3Describe PlasmaIt is a pale yellow liquid
    90% water
  4. 4What is the function of Plasma?It transports blood proteins and dissolved substances around the body
  5. 5Name three classes of substances carried in the blood1.Food- Glucose, amino acids, vitamins, minerals
    2.Waste- Urea, uric acid
    3.Gases- CO2, O2
  6. 6Describe Red Blood CellsHas a biconcave shape-> greater surface area to carry O2
    Flexible-> enables Red Blood Cells to squeeze through narrow blood capillaries
    No Nucleus-> no cell division
    No mitochondria-> Respiration does not take place otherwise it would use up all the O2 it is carrying    Describe Red Blood Cells
  7. 7What is the function of red blood cells?Carry oxygen
  8. 8Why do red blood cells contain haemoglobin?As it joins with oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin
  9. 9Where are red blood cells made?In the bone marrow of ribs and sternum
  10. 10How long do red blood cells live for?approx 120 days- then broken down by the spleen and liver
  11. 11What causes anaemia?Insufficient iron leads to a lack of haemoglobin. This reduces the number of RBCs and so insufficient oxygen is transported. Leading to reduced respiration-> reduced energy levels
  12. 12What are the symptoms of anaemia?Tiredness, weakness, low energy, pale
  13. 13What is a treatment for anaemia?Increase iron intake (spinach, liver, red meat, iron tablets, injections)
  14. 14What is the function of white blood cells?TO fight infection
  15. 15How do you describe white blood cells?Have a nucleus, made in bone marrow and lymphatic duct, less numerous than RBCs
  16. 16What are the two types of white blood cells?Monocytes and lymphocytes
  17. 17Describe a monocyteHas a lobed nucleus, highly motile, they are phagocytes- they move to the site of infection, engulf and destroy the foreign body
  18. 18Draw a monocyteDraw a monocyte
  19. 19Describe a LymphocyteHas a large nucleus, respond to invading microorganisms by producing antibodies
  20. 20Draw a lymphocyteDraw a lymphocyte
  21. 21What happens when a person has leukemia?COntrol of cell division (mitosis) breaks down resulting in the production of a large number of immature WBCs. These cannot fight infection
  22. 22What are the symptoms of leukemia?Bruising, infections (colds, flues, other cancers)
  23. 23What are the treatments of leukemia?->Radiation/Chemotherapy- kills of diseased WBCs
    ->Bone marrow transplant- once established in patients body they can make healthy WBCs
  24. 24What is the function of Platelets?CLot formation
  25. 25Describe plateletsMade in bone marrow, fragment of cells, no nucleus
  26. 26What is the cause of Haemophilia?Inherited, deficient in one or more clotting factors and can not form a scab at a cut
  27. 27What is the treatment of Haemophilia?Inject with clotting factor
  28. 28What are the functions of blood?1. Transport of substances. Also hormones/antibodies/enzymes-Plasma/RBCs
    2.Defense against disease- WBCs
    3.Clot/scab formation- Plateletes
    4. Distribution of heat
  29. 29What are the three types of genes for blood type?A, B AND O
  30. 30which is dominant and which is recessive?A is dominant to O
    B is dominant to O
    A and B are co-dominant
  31. 31What are the 4 different blood groups?1.A
    2.B
    3.AB
    4.O
  32. 32Where do blood types get their names from?From the antigen carried on RBCs
    -Blood type A -> A antigens
    -Blood type B -> B antigens
    -Blood type AB -> A and B antigens
    -Blood type O -> No antigens
  33. 33What is important for a blood transfusion to be successful?The donnor blood must only have antigens in the recipient
  34. 34What are RBCs that have rhesus factor called?rhesus positive (Rh+)
  35. 35What are RBCs that dont have rhesus factor called?rhesus negative (Rh-)
  36. 36What blood can be safely given to Rh+ people?Rh-
  37. 37What bood cannot be given to Rh- people?Rh+
  38. 38What is the most common blood type in Ireland?O+
  39. 39What problem can happens if a Rh- woman is pregnant with a Rh+ fetus?During birth if some of the Rh+ baby's blood enters into the mother's bloodstream, the mothers immune system produces antibodies to fight off the Rh+ blood
    If pregnant with a 2nd Rh+ baby, these antibodies will activate and attack and kill the fetus
  40. 40How do you fix this problem?Give Rh- women anti D injections after the birth of their 1st Rh+ baby to prevent her from producing antibodies that will attack the 2nd baby
  41. 41What are the two types of Blood systems?Closed system and open system
  42. 42What is a closed system?Its when the blood remains in a continuous system of blood vessels
    Substances in blood diffuse out of the blood and into cells
    e.g. man
  43. 43What is an open system?Its when the heart pumps blood into blood vessels that are open ended
    Blood leaves the vessels and bathes the cells. The blood slowly makes its way back to the heart
    e.g. insects
  44. 44Why is a closed system more efficient?1. The blood reaches the cells faster
    2. There is a controlled distribution of blood to different parts of the body when needed e.g. Increased blood flow to leg muscles when running

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Leaving Certificate Biology (The Blood) FlashCards sobre The Blood, criado por Adrianna Bialecka em 03-11-2022.
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