Flashcards
Forgetting
Flashcards do conjunto (26)
- 1PsychologyForgetting
- 2What is forgetting?When learnt information (a memory) cannot be retrieved
- 3True or false: The information could be displaced or simply faded awayTrue
- 4True or false: It is hard to retrieve information stored in LTM.True
- 5Can interference be a cause for forgetting?Yes
- 6List the two types of interferenceRetroactive Interference
Proactive Interference - 7In brief, explain what Retroactive isIt is where new information interferes with the ability to recall older information
- 8Define ProactiveProactive interference is when old information interferes with the ability to recall new information
- 9Who researched into Retroactive Interference?Underwood and Postman
- 10Describe the method of Underwood and Postman's study?They conducted a lab experiment, which participants were split into two groups. Both groups were given a list of paired words to learn (Eg - Cat-Tree). The experimental group was then given a second list of words to learn where the first words were the same as the first words in the first pair. The control group weren't given another list. Both were then tested on their recall of the first word list
- 11What did Underwood and Postman learn?Recall was higher in the control group, suggesting that retroactive interference of the second word list had affected recall for their experimental group
- 12True or False: Postman studied proactive informationFalse. Underwood did
- 13Describe Underwood's studyUnderwood investigated proactive interference by looking at the findings of studies into forgetting over a 24 hour period. He found that if people had previously learnt 15 or more word lists during the same experiment, a day later their recall of the last word was around 20%. If they hadn't learnt any earlier lists, recall was around 80%
- 14What did Underwood conclude?He concluded that proactive interference from the earlier lists had affected the participants' ability to remember later ones
- 15Provide a strength of the Interference TheoryThere are many studies to support the ideas behind the theory. There are laboratory experiments, which means that they're highly controlled and are able to replicate fluently. There is also existing evidence from natural experiments also, showing that forgotten information can be meaningful also.
- 16Outline a primary concern with the Interference theory?The effects of the interference theory seem somewhat dominant in lab experiments than in natural settings, given that participants are often given numbers and letters to recall. Therefore, one could imply that the theory may not be as legitimate and effective as one thought.
- 17In terms of biology and cognitive psychology, why is the interference flawed?The theory simply explains why we forget, but not explain how interference can cause us to forget. It doesn't look through a biological nor cognitive perspective, which often offers psychologists analysis into the human mind. Overall, it doesn't provide us with an intact theory.
- 18What is the second theory for forgotten memories?Cue-dependent forgetting
- 19What is the primary idea behind the theory?That we can recall a piece of information if we get the right cue. Forgetting is treated as a retrieval failure (The information still exists but it isn't accessible). We have more chance of retrieving the memory if the cue is appropriate.
- 20List the two types of cuesInternal (mood)
External (situation) - 21Give an example for internal and external cuesInternal (Angry)
External (A party)
- 22Define cue-dependent learningWhen we are in the same mood/situation as we were in when we coded the information originally.
- 23What did Tulving and Psotka compare?They compared the interference theory and the cue-dependent forgetting
- 24Describe Tulving and Psotka's methodA group of participants were each given 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 lists of 24 words. Each list was divided into 6 categories of 4 words. After the lists were shown, one condition involved participants recalling all the words (total free recall). In another condition, participants were given all the category names and had to recall words from the list - free cued recall.
- 25What did Tulving and Psotka find?In the total free recall, there was evidence of retroactive interference. Participants with 1 or 2 lists had higher recall than those with more lists to recall. suggesting that the later lists were interfering with the first lists they read.
In the free-cued test, recall was still the same for each category (70%) - 26What did Tulving Psotka conclude?The interference theory had not caused memories to be forgotten as memories became easy to recall if a cue was used. It showed that they were available., but difficult to access.
Informações
- Descrição
- A2 Psychology (Memory) FlashCards sobre Forgetting, criado por Ashleigh Gildroy em 24-01-2017.
- Criado por
- Ashleigh Gildroy
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