Material Deprivation

Material Deprivation

1. DEP 1/3 free school meal children don't recieve 5 A*-C GCSE grades

   • 90% failing schools in deprived areas

2. Housing

   • Direct
     • Overcrowding, less room for educational activities,homework, sharing bedrooms disturbed sleep. Young children safe play exploration. Temporary housing changing school
   • Indirect
     • Health and welfare- greater risk of accidents. Cold and damp leads to ill health and infection

3. Diet and Health

   • Howard, w/c lower energy, vitamin +mineral intake= ill health absence + concentration difficulty
   • Wilkinson, w/c more likely emotional and behavioural problems. 10 yr old w/c higher hyperactivity, anxiety + conduct disorders
   • Blanden and Machin, w/c more likely engage in fighting + temper tantrums

4. Financial support + costs

   • Tanner, study in Oxford, cost transport, uniform, books, computers sports, music, art equipment place burden on families
   • Flaherty, w/c hand me downs isolation, stigma + bullying, 20% eligible for FSM don't take
   • Smith and Noble, poverty barrier to learning, private tuition vs job which distracts
   • Marketisation, U/C better position to get children into better schools, e.g. moving to catchment

5. University

   • Calendar and Jackson, W/c more likely see debt negativly, Inc tuition fees further deter, UCAS applicant decrease 8.6% since 2012
   • W/c less likely to receive support from family, more likely to apply local to save travel and living costs, more likely to drop out and work 2x

6. Flaherty on ethnicity

   • 1/2 ethnic minority live in low income households compared to 1/4 white
   • Unemployment 3x higher African, Bangladeshi + Pakistani
   • 15% ethnic minority overcrowded households compared 2% white
   • Bangladeshi + Pakistani women more likely to do low income homeworking often £1.50 per hour
   • Cultural factors stop women working
   • Lack language + UK recognised qualifications, racial discrimination in marketplace, no choice but low paid jobs