Enzymes and Respiration

Enzymes and Respiration

1. Enzymes

   • Biological Catalysts
   • Amino acid chains folded to form active site
   • Involved in...
     • Building large molecules from smaller ones
     • Changing one molecule to another
     • Breaking dow large molecues in smaller ones
   • DENATURED = Bonds broken

2. Proteins

   • Long chains of AMINO ACIDS
     • Different Arrangements=Different Chains
   • Structural Bodies of...
     • Tissues
     • Hormones
     • Antibodies
     • Catalysts (enzymes)

3. Rates of Reacion

   • Temperature
     • Temperature
   • • pH

4. Enzymes in Industry

   • Slimming Foods
     • Insomerase turns glucose into fructose
     • Sweeter but less glucose
   • Baby Food
     • Protease breaks chains of amino acids (proteins)
     • Helps the baby digest foods

5. Types

   • Lipase = Breaks down fats
   • Protease = Breaks down proteins
   • Carbohydrase = Breaks down Carbohydrates
   • Amylase = Breaks down startch

6. Aerobic Respiration

   • Breaking down foods using oxygen to release energy from cells
   • Glucose+Oxygen = CO2+Water(+energy)
   • Mitochondria = site
   • Uses of energy(products)...
     • Needed by cells to carry out basic functions
     • Make muscles contract for animals
     • Keep constant temp in bodies

7. Anaerobic Respiration

   • Glucose = Lactic Acid + (a little energy)
   • Happens when muscles run short of oxygen
   • Glucose is incompletely broken down to lactic acid which gradually builds up in the muscles
   • LESS energy released
   • OXYGEN DEBT
     • Amount of oxygen needed to break down lactic Acid into CO2 ad water after exercise

8. KEY DEFINITIONS

   • Active Site=Part of enzyme molecule, enzyme fits in
   • Substrate=the substance on which an enzyme works
   • Optimum temp.=temp at which enzyme works fastest
   • Denature=enzyme loses shape of active site when heated above 45°/exposed to extreme pH
   • Bile=Helps digestion by making tiny fat droplets so lipase can break it down more quickly

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