Atomic structure and the Periodic Table

Atomic structure and the Periodic Table

1. Atoms

   • Nucleus
     • Middle of the atom
     • Contains protons and neutrons
     • Has a positive charge due to protons
   • Electons
     • Move around the nucleus in electon shells
     • Carry a negative charge
   • Neutral due to having the same number of elections and protons
   • Number of neutrons = atomic number - mass number
   • Mass number = total number of protons and neutrons
   • Atomic number = how many protons there are

2. Elements

   • Isotopes
     • Different forms of the same element
     • Same number of protons
     • Different number of neutrons
     • Relative atomic mass = sum of

3. Compounds

   • Making bonds involves giving or taking away electrons
   • Chemical reaction is needed to seperate original elements
   • Metal + Non metal
     • Consists of ions
     • Metal will lose electons to form positive ions
     • Non metal will gain electeons to form negative ions
     • Ionic bond
   • Non metal + Non metal
     • Consists of molecules
     • Each atom shares an electron with another atom
     • Covalent bond

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