Strategies

Strategies

1. Discuss the suggestion that there has been a decline in sportsmanship since the late 19th century & outline strategies that the sporting authorities have used in an attempt to maintain high standards of behaviour.

   • Agree
     • Explanation of sportsmanship
       • Unwritten rules of sport
       • etiquette
       • fairplay
       • spirit of the game
     • 19th century sport was run by the middle/ upper class
       • elite performers were amateur
       • amateur sport was dominant
     • Based on the concept of athleticism
       • playing for the love of sport
       • not paid
     • During the 20th century professionalism is increased
       • greater extrinsic rewards
       • more money involved
       • greater commercialisation
     • Greater pressure from the media
       • national expectation
       • media encourages copying of poor role models
       • largely televised
     • increase in win at all cost attitude
       • Lombardian ethic
       • E.g. performance enhancing drugs
     • Caused an increase in gamesmanship
       • bending the rules
     • Increase in deviancy
       • doping
       • violent play
       • cheating
       • abusive language
       • match fixing
       • prosecutions
   • Disagree
     • Sportsmanship is promoted at events
       • e.g. Olympics
       • Olympism
       • Olympic ideals
       • Lombardian ethic
     • Performers are role models and understand their responsibility
     • Greater need to maintain image
       • to retain sponsors
       • to retain comercial deals
       • to retain the image of the sport
     • During the 19th century corruption was part of the sport
       • may not have declined just now more widely reported in the media

2. campaigns to promote sportsmanship

   • Respect
   • Fairplay awards
   • sporting ethics promoted within
     • schools
     • clubs
     • education

3. Better officials

   • citing after game
   • better technology to help officials
   • fourth official

4. Rules changed to promote FairPlay

5. On the field

   • penalties
   • sin bins
   • bookings

6. Off the field

   • fines
   • bans

7. Punish the club

   • deduct points
   • matches behind closed doors

8. Positive role models

   • name and shame bad role models
   • media

9. Code of conduct

   • players
   • spectators

10. Drug testing

11. Prosecute violent play