forgetting

forgetting

1. random terms

   • savings
     • kijken hoeveel je bent vergeten vergeleken met previous trials en kijken hoeveel trials er nodig zijn
       • savings have been demonstrated when fewer trials are needed for relearning
   • flashbulb memory
     • vivid memory of dramatic event and of the circumstances in which the event was experienced/heard about
     • open to the effects of leading questions
     • inaccuracies
     • can change drastically over 3 months but remain stable after that

2. explanations for forgetting

   • decay
   • interference
     • proactive interference
       • previous learning impairs later learning
         • hard learning spanish when you already speak french
     • retroactive interference
       • later learning impairs memory for earlier memory
         • learning spanish negatively influences memory of french vocabulary

3. sleep

   • retrograde facilitaiton
     • beneficial effect of sleeping/inactivity on memory
       • consolidation of new memories without interference
   • long-term potentiation
     • long-lasting improvement in signal transmission between two neurons that result from stimulating them at the same time
     • REM-sleep
   • non-REM sleep better for memory bc less interference

4. amnesia

   • heightened susceptibility to retroactive interference, preventing consolidation

5. functional approaches to forgetting

   • retrieval-induced forgetting
     • impaired ability to recall some items, caused by earlier retrieval of related items
       • e.g. thinking about what went well on a holiday improves likelihood of forgetting negative things
   • directed forgetting
     • memory impairment brought about by instructions to forget
     • item based DF
       • people are shown items of which some are then to be forgotten
     • list-based DF
       • people are shown two lists, of which one should be forgotten
   • think/no-think
     • participants are instructed not to retrieve a memory even when a strong cue is present

6. ecological validity

   • the degree to which laboratory results can be applied to real-life
   • representativeness
   • generalisability