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Atoms

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Atoms

Elements
- Periodic table
  - organized by atomic number
    - atomic number: number of protons
      - proton: positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom
        neutron: neutrally charged particle in the nucleus of an atom
        isotopes
        same number of protons, different number of neutrons
        electron: negatively charged particle in the energy levels of an atom
- Metals
  - transition metals
    - multivalent
      - can have different number of electrons in outermost shell
  - forms cations when charged
    - electrostatic attraction
  - lustrous
  - malleable
  - ductile
  - good conductors
- Non-metals
  - covalent bond: a bond between non-metals and involves sharing electrons
    - molecule
      - molecular compounds
        forms crystals
        low melting/boiling points
        poor conductors of electricity when dissolved in water
  - noble gases
    - element group
    - fully occupied outermost shell
      - stable
        low reactivity
  - forms anions when charged
    - ionic compound
      - transfer of electrons
      - forms crystals
      - high melting points
      - brittle
      - conducts electricity when dissolved in water
        free floating ions
  - brittle
none are lost or gained in a chemical reaction
- Law of Conservation of Mass
  - Antoine Lavoisier
- chemical change processes