Population Dynamics

Population Dynamics

1. Population Change

   • DTM
     • Stages of population changes
       • as a country becomes more developed
     • Stage 1
       • High stationary
         • high birth rate
           • low age of marriage
           • lack of birth control
         • high death rate
           • poor medical care
       • few remote tribes
     • Stage 2
       • Early Expanding
         • Falling death rate
           • improved medicine
         • high birth rate
           • lack of birth control
         • increasing population
         • Niger
     • Stage 3
       • Death rate falling
         • better health care
       • Late expanding
       • Birth rate falling
         • women marrying later
       • India
       • increasing popultion
     • Stage 4
       • Low Statonary
       • low birth rate
         • high cost of children
       • low death rate
         • good health care
         • healthy lifestyle
       • large population
         • not changing
       • UK
     • Stage 5
       • Japan
       • Declining
       • Rising death rate
         • ageing popuation
           • = more deaths
       • very low birth rate
         • lifestyle changes
           • few children later in life
   • Increasing population
     • 10 billion by 2050
     • due to rapidly developing countries
       • India
   • in more developed countries
     • birth rate is dropping
       • so population is beginning to drop
         • Italy

2. Measuring Population change

   • Natural Increase
     • the difference between the birth rate and death rate
   • either
     • Population increase
     • Population decline
     • population balance
   • difference between countries because
     • level of development
     • population polices
     • religious views of people in the country

3. Japan

   • oldest population
     • average age is 45.4
     • 23.9 is over 65
   • low birth rate
   • because...
     • people are living longer
     • declining birth rate
       • women are having less children, older
   • this means...
     • increasing cost of pensions
       • risen pension age
       • High taxes to pay for them
     • more elderly people are living in nursing homes
     • increased cost of health care

4. Mexico

   • Youthful population
   • birth rate is 2.27
   • average age is 27
   • changing
     • low death rate
       • people are living longer
   • this means
     • increasing cost of school
     • not enough work
     • growing economy
     • lots of people approaching child bearing age

5. Population Policies

   • measures taken by the government
     • to influence population growth
   • pro natalist
     • more babies
   • anti-natalist
     • less babies

6. China

   • anti-natalist
     • really high population
   • one child policy
     • men and women must be a certain age to have children
     • Breaking rules results in a heavy fine
   • Impacts
     • imbalance between men and women
     • children now have to look after parents and grandparents
     • increased abortions
     • population increase has slowed down

7. Britian

   • Lots of imagrants
     • becoming more diverse
   • policy
     • EU lets people in the EU move around freely
     • immigrants have filled jobs
     • Changing
       • more quota based
         • limit
         • have to take a skills test
     • Points based
       • scheme awards points for your skills
       • Teirs
         • 1
           • Highly Skilled
             • business people
             • entrepreneurs
             • best opportunity to stay permnamenty
             • make most money
         • 2
           • Skilled with job offer
             • people with qualifications
               • or important work related experience
             • employers re required to sponser and induvidual
         • 3
           • Low skilled
             • jobs in
               • hositality
               • agriculture
               • food processing
             • not open to people outside the EU
         • 4
           • Students
             • fee paying students from overseas
             • issued a student visa from place of study
         • 5
           • Temporary Workers
             • for professional sports people
               • or musicians
             • working in the UK for a limited period of time

8. USA

   • Act for businesses to attract skilled foreign skilled workers
   • limit to amount of immigrants
     • set number of refugees
   • policy aims to...
     • admit workers with specificskills
     • admit people who already have family in the USA
     • Provide refuge for those facing percecution
     • increase ethnic diversity
   • Must obtain a visa
     • immigrant visa
       • living permnamently
     • non-immigrant visa
       • staying temporarily

9. Sweeden

   • pro-natalist
     • had low birth rate
     • Encouraging people to have children
   • lots of benefits
     • parental leave for 13 months
     • extra payment if children are had within 30 months of each other
     • €900 per child per year

10. Immigration

    • positive
      • promotes tolerance between different groups
      • provides economic boost
        • come to work
      • economy has skilled ans well qualified workforce
      • cultural diversity
        • Indian restaurants
      • increase birth rate
        • many are young and then start family here
    • negative
      • strain on welfare and healthcare systems
      • can be hard for locals to find a job
      • immigrants can remain isolated
        • leads to negative sterotypes