Feedback

Feedback

1. Feedback is the information received by the athlete both during and after the skill has been performed

2. 1) Positive Feedback

   • Can be given externally by a coach when the player is praised following success
   • Critical Evaluation
     • Positive feedback should clearly indicate the parts of the the skill that were performed correctly
     • Learners at the cognitive stage and associate stages of learning are motivated by positive feedback but discouraged by negative feedback

3. 2) Negative Feedback

   • Is received when the movement is incorrect; can be intrinsic or extrinsic
   • Critical Evaluation
     • Negative Feedback must address how the skill can be improved
     • It is beneficial to expert performers as it helps them to perfect their skills

4. 3) Extrinisc Feedback

   • Comes from external sources such as a coach; this type of feedback is also called augmented feedback
   • Critical Evaluation
     • Extrinsic feedback received through visual and auditory systems
     • Learner can become dependent on external feedback and this does not help develop kinaesthetics

5. 4) Intrinsic Feedback

   • Form of sensory feedback about the physical feel of the movement as it is being performed; received through internal proprioreceptors
   • Critical Evaluation
     • Intrinsic feedback can be accessed by performers as the autonomous stage of learning; performance will be fluent and well times at this stage
     • Performers at the associate stage still require extrinsic feedback as they are still learning the feel for the movements

6. 5) Terminal Feedback

   • Received after the movement has been completed and is extrinsic feedback
   • Critical Evaluation
     • Terminal Feedback given immediately because the situation is fresh in the learners mind
     • A delay can also be advantageous as it allows the athlete to think about the performance

7. 6) Concurrent Feedback

   • Received during the performance of the skill
   • Critical Evaluation
     • Good for continuous skills
     • Allows quicker correct to take place

8. 7) Knowledge Of Performance

   • Feedback concerning the quality of the movement; KP can be internal as it arises from kinaesthetic awareness
   • Critical Evaluation
     • KP is used to good effect only by the expert performer
     • Can also come form an external source e.g. coach

9. 8) Knowledge Of Results

   • Feedback about the result or outcome of the movement and is intrinsic
   • Critical Evaluation
     • KR is essential in skill learning particularly in the early stages
     • Helps to develop Knowledge Of Performance

10. Importance Of Feedback

    • 1) Confidence will improve
    • 2) Motivation will improve
    • 3) Drive reduction prevented
    • 4) Detects and corrects errors