Atoms

Atoms

1. Atoms

   • Basic Building Block of matter
     • Matter
       • Anything that takes up space and has mass
   • Smallest particle of an element
     • Chemical element
       • Cannot be broken down in ordinary means
         • 96% makes up our body mass
           • Major elements in our body are
             • Carbon
             • Hydrogen
             • Oxygen
             • Nitrogen
         • 25 elements are essential in our body
           • Iodine deficiency
             • Goilers
             • Lack of salt in the diet, not common in the Uk and USA(Third world countries)
   • Made up of
     • Protons
     • Neutrons
       • Isotopes
         • Same protons and electrons but different neutrons
     • Electrons
   • Atomic Number
     • Number of protons
   • Mass number
     • Number of Protons and Neutrons
     • Atomic Weight
       • Equal to the mass number of its most abundant isotope
   • Of each element
     • Distinguished by number of protons. Making elements have different number of protons
   • Molecule
     • consists of 2 or more chemically combined atoms
   • Compound
     • Broken into 2 or more different elements by ordinay chemical means

2. Bonding

   • 3 types of bonding
     • Ionic bonds
       • Elements in valence shell not full will given or take electrons
         • Formed when valence shell electrons completely transferred from one another to another
           • Atoms losing an electron
             • Positively charged
               • Cations
           • Atoms gaining an electron
             • Negatively charged
               • Anions
     • Hydrogen bonds
       • Bonds between hydrogen and oxygen or hydrogen and nitrogen
         • Always moving and changing and the weakest bond of al
           • Always begin an attraction. Slightly positive and slightly negative
     • Covalent Bonds
       • A bond where electrons are shared
       • 2 types
         • Polar bonds
           • Electrons shared unequally
         • Non polar bonds
           • Electrons shared equally

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