Mapa mental

Tissues: Connective Tissue

Christopher Grund Anatomy and physiology Inglês

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most abundant and widely distributed of primary tissues

General Function of Connective Tissue
- binding and support
- protecting
- insulating
- storing reserve fuel
- substance transport (blood)
Main Classes
- Connective Tissue Proper
  - All connective tissue except for bone, cartilage, and blood.
  - loose connective tissue
    - areolar
      - functions
        reservoir of water and salts
        edema
        when area is inflamed it soaks up excess fluid and the area swells and becomes puffy
        supports and binds other tissues
        defends against infection with viscous ground substance
        store nutrients as fat
      - structure
        gel-like matrix
        has all three fiber types
        fibroblast
        macrophages
        mast cells
        some white blood cells
      - locations
        under epithelial tissue of body
        surround capilaries
        form lamina propria of mucous membrane
        packages organs
    - adipose
      - structure
        mass is 90% adiposecytes
        stores nurients
        similar to areolar, but with greater energy storage
        brown fat
        found in babies that do not have the ability to create heat by shivering. They use fat to warm the blood stream
        small quantity of matrix
        very vascularized
        nucleus push to the side
      - function
        shock absorption
        insulation
        energy storage
      - locations
        subcutaneous tissues
        around kidneys and eyeballs
        abdomen
        breast
    - reticular
      - structure
        matrix made of only reticular fibers
        fibroblast
        called reticular cells in this connective tissue
      - function
        support of free blood cells in
        spleens
        lymph nodes
        bone marrow
  - fibrous/dense connective tissue
    - dense regular connective tissue
      - structure
        fibroblast
        continuously manufacture fibers and ground substances
        parallel collagen fibers
        in direction that pull would occur
        wavy
        allows some stretch
        poor vascularization
      - function
        attaches muscles to bone
        attaches muscles to muscles
        attaches bone to bones
        resist tensile strength in one direction
      - location
        tendons
        forms tendon which attach muscles to bones
        ligaments
        bind bones together at joints
        aponeuroses
        attach muscles to bones or other muscles
    - dense irregular connective tissue
      - structure
        same as dense regular but collagen fiber is much thicker and fibers are arranged in irregular direction
        arrangement of collagen fibers allows for resistance of tension from many directions
      - function
        resist tension from many directions
        provide structural strength
      - location
        fibrous capsules of organs and of joints
        subcumosa of digestive tract
        dermis of the skin
    - elastic
      - structure
        high proportion of elastic fibers
      - functions
        recoil of tissue
        aids in recoil of lungs
      - location
        lungs
        large arteries
- Cartilage
  - resist both tension and compression forces
  - general structure
    - avascular
      - Nutrients diffuse from the connective tissue membrane which surrounds it (perichondrium)
    - no nerve fibers
    - ground subsance
      - collagen fibers
      - firm
      - matrix contains a lot of fluid
        matrix is up to 80% water
      - cell types
        chondroblast
        predominate immature cell type. produces new matrix until skeleton stops growing.
        chondrocytes
        mature cartilage cells
  - types of cartilage
    - hyaline
      - most abundant cartilage type
      - structure
        chondrocytes
        lie in lacunae
        chondroblast
        form the matrix
        amorphous but firm matrix
        only collagen fibers
      - function
        reinforcement
        support
        cushion
        compression resistance
      - location
        embryonic skeleton
        end of long bones in joint cavities
        coastal cartilage ribs
        nose
        trachea
        larynx
    - elastic
      - structure
        similar to hyaline but more elastic fibers
      - function
        maintain shape
        strength with flexibility
      - location
        ear
        epiglottis
    - fibrocartilage
      - structure
        rows of collagen fibers
        rows of chondrocytes
      - location
        intervertebral disc
        miniscus of knee joint
        pubic symphysis
      - function
        tensile strength
        absorption of compression shock
- Bone
  - also called osseous tissue
  - structure
    - vascular
    - collagen
    - inorganic calcium salts
    - osteoblast
      - produce organi portion or cartilage of the matrix
    - osteocytes
    - osteons (regions)
      - concentric rings of bony matrix surrounding central canals containing blood vessels and nerves
    - blood vessels
    - nerves
  - functions
    - support
    - protection
    - store calcium
    - store fats
    - store other minerals
    - blood formation by bone marrow
  - location
    - bones
- Blood
  - fluid within blood vessels
  - structure
    - fluid
    - blood plasma is matrix
      - blood plasma is non-living. 
    - mostly red blood cells
    - white blood cells
    - fibers
      - proteins that are used during blood clotting
  - function
    - transportation of substances
      - gases
      - nutrients
      - waste
      - etc
General Characteristics of Connective Tissue
- tissue originates from mesenchyme
  - an embryonic tissue
- vary degree of vascularity
- composed mostly of extracellular matrix
  - matrix allows connective tissue to bear weight, withstand great tension, endure other abuses
  - nonliving
Structural Elements of Connective Tissue
- the %composition varies in different connective tissues
- ground substance
  - unstructured substance that fills space between cells. 
  - medium
    - substance diffuse through blood capillaries and cells
  - components
    - interstitial fluid
      - tissue that bathes and surrounds the tissue cells of multicellular animals
    - cell adhesion proteins
      - allow connective tissue to attach themselves to the matrix elements 
    - proteoglycans
      - something about the polysaccharides aggregated together to trap water creating a fluid to viscous gel
- fibers
  - provide support
  - Types
    - Collagen Fibers
      - most abundant of the fiber types
      - tensile strength
        longitudinal strength
      - strongest fiber
    - Elastic Fibers
      - form branching networks in the extracellular matrix. This branching allows stretch and recoil of connective tissue
    - Reticular Fibers
      - short, fine, highly branched collagen fibers. branch forming networks
- cells
  - Blast CElls
    - Immature form of cell. It is mitotically and secrete ground substances and fibers
    - Fibroblast
      - connective tissue proper
    - Chondroblast
      - cartilage
    - Osteoblast
      - bones
  - cyte cells
    - mature form the cells in connective tissue. They maintain the health of the matrix and mitotically divide to repair the matrix if it becomes injured
    - chondrocyte
      - in cartilage
    - osteocytes
      - in bones
  - other cells in connective tissue
    - fat cells
      - store nutrients
    - white blood cells
      - tissue response to injury
      - neutrophil
      - eosinophils
      - lymphocytes
    - mast cells
      - initiate local inflammatory response against foreign microorganisms they detect
    - macrophages
      - phagocytic cells that eat dead cells, microorganisms, and function in the immune system

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Descrição: Anatomy and physiology (tissues) Mapa Mental sobre Tissues: Connective Tissue, criado por Christopher Grund em 03-03-2017.
Criado por: Christopher Grund
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Tissues: Connective Tissue

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