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Description
Flashcards by cierarosebernal3, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by cierarosebernal3
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Anatomy | The structure of body parts |
| Physiology | The function of the body parts and what they do and how they do it |
| Anterior | Toward the front |
| Posterior | Toward the back or behind |
| Superior | Above or over top of |
| Inferior | Below or toward the feet |
| Medial | The middle or toward the midline |
| Lateral | The outer side of the body |
| Proximal | Near or closer to the attachment |
| Distal | Away from the attachment |
| Superficial | On the surface or shallow |
| Deep | Away from the surface; further in |
| Cephalic | head |
| Cephalic | head |
| Orbital | Eye socket |
| Pectoral | Chest |
| Axillary | Arm pit |
| Brachial | Arm |
| Umbilical | Navel (Belly Button) |
| Inguinal | Groin |
| Coxal | Hip |
| Antebrachial | Forearm |
| Abdominal | Stomach |
| Carpal | Wrist |
| Patella | Knee |
| Occipital | Back of head |
| Vertebral | Vertebrae |
| Gluteal | Butt |
| Lumbar | Lower back between ribs and hips |
| Femoral | Thigh |
| Plantar | Sole of foot |
| Tarsal | Ankle |
| Sagittal Plane | Cut in half down midline |
| Frontal Plane | Cut in half with the posterior and anterior side |
| Transverse Plane | Cut in half at midline |
| Function of: Integementary System | Protect tissues |
| Function of: Muscular | Movement |
| Function of: Nervous | Controls body systems |
| Function of: Endocrine | Coordinate and controls body systems (glandular tissue) |
| Function of: Cardiocascular | Internal transport of dissolved materials |
| Function of: Lymphatic | Internal defense and blood matenance |
| Function of: Respiratory | Structure involved in exchange of gases; lungs nose etc. |
| Function of: Digestive | Processing of food and absorption of nutrients |
| Function of: Urinary | Regulation of blood chemistry via elimination of excess materials (water, salts, etc.) |
| Function of: Reproductive Systems | Production of sex cells and hormones |
| Osteoclast | Destroy cells; found in medullary cavity |
| Osteoblasts | Form new bone tissue; found in periosteum or endosteum |
| Osteocytes | Mature bone cells; found in the lacunae |
| Epiphyseal Plate/Disk | A flat plate that causes lengthwise growth of a long bone |
| 4 steps to bone repair: | 1. Blood forms hematoma 2. Spongy bone forms close to developing blood vessels and fibrocartilage forms in more distant regions 3. Bony callus replaces cartilage 4.Osteoclasts remove excess bony tissue restoring new bone structure to original form |
| Ball & Socket Joint | Ball shaped process of one bone fits into the cup-shaped socket of another Ex: Hips and shoulders |
| Saddle Joint | Forms between bones whose articulating surfaces that both have concave and convex surfaces Ex: Carpal and metacarpals of the thumb |
| Hinge Joint | Convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of another Ex: Elbows and Knees |
| Pivot Joint | A clindrical surface of one bone rotates within a ring formed by another Ex: Axis and atlas |
| Flexion | Decreases the angles of a joint; brings two bones closer together |
| Extension | Increases the angle between two bones; brings two bones apart |
| Abduction | movement of a limb AWAY from midline |
| Adduction | movement of a limb TOWARD the midline |
| Supination | Forearm rotates laterally so palms face up (anterior) |
| Pronation | Forearm rotates medially so palms face down (posterior) |
| Elevation | movement in superior direction (mostly with facial muscles) |
| Circumduction | movement of a limb extremely so that the distal end makes a circle |
| Tissue | A group of cells that perform the same task |
| What are the 4 main types of tissue? | Epithelial, Connective, Nervous, and Muscle |
| Epithelial tissue | covers ALL body surfaces both inside and out and main glandular (gland) tissue Functions: Secretion and protection |
| Connective tissue | Most abundant tissue in your body, binds structures together, provides support and protection |
| Muscle Tissue | Tissue composed of elongated, excitable cells specialized for contraction |
| Nervous tissue | Tissue containing excitable cells specialized for rapid transmitter of coded info to other cells Neurons: process and transmit info Neurologia: support cells |
| 3 types of muscle tissue: | Skeletal: Voluntary (striated) functions in body movement Smooth: In hollow organs, stomach; involuntary; functions in swallowing and movement of food Cardiac: Involuntary muscle in walls of heart |
| Sarcolemma | The plasma of a muscle cell |
| Sarcoplasm | the cytoplasm of a muscle fiber within the sarcolemma |
| T-Tubules | Tiny invaginations of the sarcolemma |
| Sarcoplasmic Reticulum | A specialized type of smooth ER that regulates the calcium ion concentration |
| Myofibril | Actin or myosin containing structure |
| Myofilament | A long filamentous organelle found within a muscle cell that has a banded appearance |
| Actin | Thin, active; slide up past myosin |
| Myosin | Thick; doesn't slide, but moves the actin filaments |
| Epimysium | Tissue around an ENTIRE muscle belly |
| Perimysium | Tissue bundle of muscle fibers (fasicles) |
| Endomysium | Tissue around 1 muscle cell |
| Neuromuscular Junction | Where a nerve fiber and a muscle fiber come together |
| troponin | attached to the protein tropomyosin and lies within the groove between actin filaments in muscle tissue |
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