B1.1 Keeping healthy

B1.1 Keeping healthy

1. Diet and exercise

   • Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats, Vitamins, Minerals, Fibres, Water
   • Metabolic rate- Speed at which chemical reactions take place in the body
     • ↑ If male, pregnant, younger or an athelete

2. Weight problems

   • Obesity
     • Arthritis, Type 2 diabetes, High blood pressure
   • Malnourished
     • Deficiency diseases

3. Inheritance, Exercise and health

   • Cholesterol
     • Needed for cell membranes and hormones
     • Too ↑- Risk of heart disease

4. Pathogens and disease

   • Bacteria - single celled organism
   • Virus - Smaller
   • MRSA
     • Resistant to antibiotics due to overuse.
   • Ignaz Semmelweis
     • Women dying from child bed fever. Doctors- Morgue→Maternity but they ≠ wash hands

5. Keeping Heathy

   • Droplet infection
     • Cough/Sneeze Contaminated food + drink
   • Direct contact
     • Through break in skin
   • Breathe in
     • Mucus- covers lung lining traps
     • Stomach acid distroys
   • White blood cells
     • engulfing pathogens
     • Producing antibodies
       • antibodies attach to antigens on the bacteria (unique per pathogen)
     • Producing antitoxins
       • Pathogens release toxins which these counteract

6. drugs vs disease

   • Bacteria
     • Antibiotics kill bacteria without harming cells
   • Viruses
     • Inside human cells so you would damage yourself
   • Penicillin
     • Alexander Flemming
       • Left culture plates out to gather mould - mould killed Bacteria
     • Florey + Chain
       • Used on humans and industrialised

7. Growing

   • 1) Sterilise inoculating loop
     • 2) dip loop in bacteria and spread across agar
       • 3)seal lid to prevent contamination but not fully prevent anaerobic
         • school 25°C so not harmful. Industrial < 47°C rapid

8. Vaccines

   • Jenner
     • Dead or weakened forms of disease
       • E.g MMR -measles mumps and rubella

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