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Early Military Geology (Structures)
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Early Military Geology (Structures)
5 Main Warfare Categories
- Tactical & Strategic terrain analysis
- Fortifications and Tunnelling
- Resource Aquisition
- Defence installations
- Field Construction & logistics
Fortification Construction
- Reasons
- Strategic Purpose
- Control/protect borders
- Protect comms. eg- Rivers
- Dominate Region
- Use as an army base
- Defensibility
- Enhancing Natural obsticles
- Security
- No higher ground & good visibility
- Accessibility
- Escape Route
- Onsite water supply (wells)
- Available construction materials
- Firm Foundations
- Well drained
- Strategic Purpose
- Ideal site:
- Isolated Rock Hillock
- 100-300m diameter
- Along navigable harbour
- -Igneous intrusion, resistant outcrop strata, lithological changes, structural fearure (fold/fault), erosion can enhance the afformentioned
- UK Castles
- Scottish Castles
- Edinburgh
- Igneous Strata
- Carboniferous Volcanic plug, soft materials surrounding
- Accentuated by glacial erosion leaving sloping tail
- 27.4m deep well
- David's tower collapsed into well causing a surrender
- Dunbar
- Stirling
- Great Whin Sill
- Permo-Carboniferous quartz dolerite
- Bamburgh
- high sill exposure into sediments
- Fell to Yorkists due to gunpowder
- Dunstanburgh
- built on prominent headland
- Sill intruding sediments
- Fault weakness forms harbour
- built on prominent headland
- Edinburgh
- English Castles
- Beeston
- built on triassic sandstone-
- 150m above cheshire plane
- 124m deep well
- Royalists captured scaling crag at night
- built on triassic sandstone-
- harlech
- built on an anticline known as the harlech dome
- Caledonian Orogeny
- Greywackes
- Area where the castle is built is free of boulder clay
- built on an anticline known as the harlech dome
- Windsor
- built on Upper chalk anticline
- Surrounded by london clay
- Thames erosion caused castle to be 30m high
- 3 wells 50m deep
- built on Upper chalk anticline
- Corfe
- Chalk monocline
- River N, W & S
- Beeston
- Scottish Castles
- Summary
- Took advantage of local geology/topography
- Engineering extending natural features
- used access & comm routes effectively
- reliable water supplies
- Reasons