LUNG FUNCTION AND DISEASE

LUNG FUNCTION AND DISEASE

1. DISEASE

   • EMPHYSEMA
     • ALVEOLI RUPTURE AND BREAK DOWN
   • PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
     • BACERIA INCASED IN WALLS CAUSING SCAR TISSUE
   • PULMONARY FIBROSIS
     • FIBROSIS TISSUE FORMS

2. STRUCTURE

   • ALVEOLI
     • THIN WALLS
       • SHORT DIFFUSION PATHWAY
     • LARGE SURFACE AREA
       • FAST DIFFUSION OF GASES
     • LARGE NETWORK OF CAPILLARIES
       • LARGE DIFFUSION GRADIENT

3. FUNCTION

   • DIAPHRAGM CONTRACTS AND MOVE DOWNWARDS
   • INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES CONTRACT AND PULL RIBS UP AND OUT
   • VOLUME OF THORAX INCREASES AND PRESSURE DECREASES
   • OXYGEN MOVES DOWN CONCENTRATION GRADIENT
   • DIAPHRAGM RELAXES AND MOVE UPWARDS
   • INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES RELAX
   • VOLUME OF THORAX DECREASES AND PRESSURE INCREASES
   • AIR MOVES OUT DOWN CONCENTRATION GRADIENT