AQA: Britain and Appeasement 1919-1940 (1)

AQA: Britain and Appeasement 1919-1940 (1)

1. Disarmament

   • Kellogg-Briand Pact
     • 1928
     • Outlaw war
     • Weaknesses
       • No way of enforcing it
       • Meaningless
       • Countries started wars without declaring them
   • Geneva Disarmament Conference
     • 1932
     • Hitler orded Germany leave, left LoN
       • Argued Germany hzd already disarmed while other countries had not
     • Britain and USA couldn't offer France military help
     • Countries too reluctant to disarm due to likelyhood of war
   • Washington Naval Conference
     • 1921
     • USA, Britain, Japan
     • 5-5-3
     • London Naval Confrence
       • 1930
       • Ratios changed to 10-10-7

2. League of Nations

   • Attitudes towards it
     • Labour in Britain had trust in it
     • Most countries went against it despite supporting it
     • Weak- had no real implications
   • Collective security
     • Group of countries agreeing to not attack each other and defend each other of attacked
     • Wasn't effective
       • Countries left LoN if they wanted to attack a country
         • Japan in Manchurian Crisis
   • Weaknesses
     • No USA, Germany, USSR, Japan
     • "Very well when sparrows shout, but no good when eagles fall out"
     • Reluctance to use military force
     • Focused on European issues
     • Only met once a year

3. Treaty of Versailles

   • Harshness
     • Germany began to comply in 1923
     • Reparations weren't agreed until 1921
       • Germans unsure of how much they'd be
   • Terms
     • Alsace-Lorraine given to France
     • Army to 100,000 men
     • £6.6 bil in reperations
     • Full blame for the war
   • Influence
     • JM Keynes
       • "The Economic Consequences of the Peace"
       • Best seller
       • Ruin Germany's economy, therefore ruin Europes
     • Reason Hitler rose to power

4. Fulfilment and Locarno

   • Locarno Treaty
     • 1925
     • Germany, France, Britain, Italy
     • Sucesses
       • Secured Western borders
       • Germany joined LoN
       • Germany would not put their troops in the Rhineland
     • Failures
       • Didn't secure Eastern borders
       • Britain did not join "Little Entente"
         • "Not one British soldier is worth the bones of Poland"
   • Policy of Fulfilment
     • 1923
     • Gustav Streseman
     • Improve relations
     • If Germany did what they were told, they may be allowed more leeway with hated terms