Alexander III Reform and Consequences

Alexander III Reform and Consequences

1. Education

   • universities cannot appoint new professors, government approve new syllabuses, can’t learn History without Minister of Education permission
     • Restriction and censorship, prevent bad knowledge from spreading

2. Religion

   • Preach tsar first, **confession info passed onto police instead of never being shared
     • Rebellion/dangerous information more difficult to be self-contained, teach loyalty

3. Local government

   • Reverse zemstva power- give Ministry of the Interior power (tax raise power, appoint new peasants)
     • 1889 zemstva power removed
       • No local power
     • People have power to support Alexander III, but with little power in general
   • Local justices replaced with land captains who report to Minister of the Interior
     • Only Minister of the Interior can remove land captains, land captains get draconian rights
       • Officers to exile, flogging, death penalty
     • Government power increased at a local level

4. Jews

   • Anti-Jewish Pogroms 1881-1884
     • Anti-Jewish riots, mass migration and Zionist movement

5. Quiet order decree

   •  “14 August 1881: “Decree about measures for the preservation of state order and public quiet and the placement of certain places in a position of reinforced surveillance””   
   • Police send to exile without trial, close schools/papers/printing houses/private busi, temporary but used up to 1917
     • People have decreased freedom, judicial system

6. Peasants

   • Redemption payments reduced
     • Government get less at a time, peasants easier pay to a degree, still leave all parties in debt
   • Peasants selling land loosened
     • Peasants can move more freely, government less control which could cause more issues
   • Land captains to oversee peasant communities
     • Peasants still have landowner like control dictating their actions and lives

7. Russification

   • Nationality policy
     • Other nationalities begin to hate Russian leadership and efforts, lose their culture