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Materials

Billie Juniper Material Selection HNC Inglês

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Materials

Metals
- Ferrous
  - CAST IRON
    - Pros
      - Strong
      - Tough
      - Stiff
      - Cheap
      - Easily Machined
      - Easily Recycled
    - Cons
      - Rusts
      - High Density
      - Poor Toughness
        Can be alloyed to improve
    - Uses
      - Brake Discs
      - Machine Tools
  - MILD STEEL
    - Pros
      - Strong
      - Stiff
      - Tough
      - Very Cheap
      - Malleable
      - Easily Recycled (magnetic)
    - Cons
      - High Density
      - Poor Electrical and Thermal Conductivity
    - Uses
      - Large Structures
        Bridges
        Buildings
        Oil Rigs
      - Car Body Panels
      - Trains
      - Machine Tools
      - Pressure Vessels
    - Process
      - Metal Forming
        Die Casting
        Rolling is important for structures like I-beams
        Easily Extruded for pipes, tubes, wire
      - Readily Machined
      - Joining
        Suitable for most
        Not suitable for soldering or brazing
  - STAINLESS STEEL
    - Pros
      - Corrosion Resistant
      - Strong
      - Tough
      - Ductile
      - Stiff
      - Cheap
      - Malleable
      - Easily Recycled (magnetic)
    - Cons
      - Expensive
      - High Density
      - Poor Electrical and Thermal Conductivity
    - Uses
      - Cutlery
      - Chemical Plant and Surgical Instruments
    - Process
      - Metal Forming
        Usually Wrought
        Not Cast
        Powder Metal Forming
      - Joining
        Suitable for most
        Not suitable for soldering or brazing
- Non Ferrous
  - BRASS
    - Pros
      - Reasonably Strong
      - Corrosion Resistant
      - Easy to Shape
    - Cons
      - Expensive
    - Uses
      - Ornamental Fittings
      - Plumbing Fittings
      - Screws
      - Bullets
    - Process
      - Readily Machined
      - Soldering and Brazing
      - Readily Extruded as quite soft
  - COPPER
    - Pros
      - Electrical Conductivity
      - Corrosion Resistant
      - Ductile
      - Malleable
    - Cons
      - Expensive
      - Low Strength
    - Uses
      - Electrical Wire
      - Domestic Water Pipes
      - Coins
    - Process
      - Metel Forming
        Easily Cast
        Readily Extruded because soft
      - Readily Machined
      - Soldering and Brazing for electrical connection and pipe
  - ALUMINIUM
    - Pros
      - Lightweight
      - Durable
      - Corrosion Resistant
      - Stiff
      - Ductile
      - Malleable
      - Easy to recycle
    - Cons
      - Difficult to Arc Weld
    - Uses
      - Aircraft
      - Bicycles
      - Car Engines
      - Space Frame car bodies
      - Drinks Cans
      - Window Frames
    - Process
      - Metal Forming
        Easy with most
        Difficulties with oxidising in powder process
        Rolling (foil)
        Die Casting common
        Readily Extruded
        Sheet Forming (cars)
      - Machining
        Soft, so easily machined
      - Joining
        Suitable for most
        Difficult to arc-weld and an inert gas is needed
  - TITANIUM
    - Pros
      - Strong, even at high temps
      - Hard Wearing
      - Non Corrosive
      - Light Weight
      - Stiff
      - Chemically Inert in Human Body
    - Cons
      - Expensive
      - Chemically reactive when hot
      - Difficult to Shape
    - Uses
      - Surgical Implants
      - Performance Bicycles
      - Fan Blades for Aircraft
    - Process
      - Metal Forming
        Special Die Casting Process Needed Because Reactive
        Forging for Aircraft
      - Arc Welding only with inert gas or in vacuum
Polymers
- Thermosetting/thermosets
  - Characteristics
    - Harder
    - Stronger
    - When Heated
      - permanently hard
      - pressure can be applied to cure
      - degeneration if heated excessively
      - Toxic Fumes
    - Brittle
    - Better stability
- Thermoplastic/thermoplasts
  - Characteristics
    - Soft
    - Ductile
    - Flexible
    - Can be manufactured on a branch
    - Sensitive to temperature
    - When Heated
      - Soften
      - Eventually Liquify
      - Reversible and can be repeated
      - No toxic fumes
  - Polythene
    - Pros
      - High Density
      - Resistant to Chemicals
      - Tough
      - Cheap
      - Flexible
      - Electrical Resistance
      - Transparent
      - Easily Coloured
    - Uses
      - Dustbins
      - Water and Gas Pipes
      - Carrier Bags
      - Food Packaging
      - Sandwich Boxes
    - Process
      - Polymer Forming
        Most suitable, injection moulding most common
        Extruded for pipes
        Rotational moulding for large products (i.e. dustbins)
        Blow Moulding for bottles
        Vacuum forming for packaging
      - Machining
        Soft so easily machined
        Usually formed to near-net-shape so little cutting needed
        No polishing needed
      - Joining
        Adhesive bonding most common
        Friction welding for pipes
  - Nylon
    - Pros
      - Strong
      - Lightweight
      - Used for broad range of products
      - Easily made as a fibre
      - Good heat resistance <250°
    - Uses
      - Clothes
      - Fishing Line
      - Small Gears
      - Zip Fasteners
      - Power Tool Cases
Composites
- GRP GLASS REINFORCED PLASTIC
  - Properties
    - Not Brittle
    - Ductile
    - Chemical Resistance
  - Uses
    - Aerospace
    - Automotive
    - Underwater
  - Sheets of glass fibre laid at right angles sandwiched between a plastic
    - Usually done in a mould and left to cure
- Reinforced Concrete
Ceramics
- Types
  - Clay Mineral
  - Glass
  - Cement
- Properties
  - Good Insulators
  - Poor Conductors
  - Hard
  - Brittle
  - Resistant to
    - High Temperatures
    - Harsh Environments

Informações

Descrição: Mind map of basic material properties by material.
Criado por: Billie Juniper
Visualizações: 267
Tags: materials metal ferrous polymer engineering hnc mechanical engineering material properties ceramics
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Materials

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