Identify the main political opponents and key individuals to autocracy

Identify the main political opponents and key individuals to autocracy

1. Liberal intelligentsia

   • Aims
     • Westernisers
     • Slavophiles
     • Modernisation
   • Supporters
     • Turgenev-Westerniser
     • Tolstoy Slavophile
   • Methods
     • Zemstvo
       • Encourage members to think nationally
       • 1891 Famine, so had to help poor
     • Turgenev's plays/novels such as "A Sportman's sketches" helped to oppose serfdom
   • Achievements by 1881
     • Their beliefs very much akin to A2's
       • Loris Melikov would have been accepted if alive
     • Show they can help run country

2. Populists- Narodniks

   • Aims
     • Develop peasant commune, develop Russia
   • Supporters
     • Nobles/intelligentsia, peasants disliked it
   • Methods
     • "Going to the people" REVOLUTIONISE PEASANTRY
       • Lavrov 1864, 1877 2000 people to travel into country to educate peasants
       • Dress like peasants, integrate
       • Exploit disgruntled peasants lack of land/redemption tax
       • Mikhail Romas- sells fruit and veg for cheap
   • Achievements by 1881
     • 1600 arrested
       • Peasants too conservative, too much rever for Tsar
     • Radicals taken away from underground meetings and out into countryside
       • Giving gov awareness of depth of feeling of opponents

3. Populists- Land and Liberty

   • Achievements by 1881
     • TPW: Assassinated General Mezemtsev head of 3rd section 1878
       • Assassinate A2 1881
     • Zemstvo and LaL org talks to pressure autoc for constit reform
   • Methods
     • Black Rep- Peaceful
       • Built relations with students/workers, published radical material for social change
       • Lead by Georgi Plekhanov
     • People's Will- Violent
       • Planted spy in Third Section
       • Assassinated gov officials
       • 1879- Tsar had to go unless consitution
       • Lead by Alexandr Mikhailov
   • Supporters
     • Professional/skilled classes
   • Aims
     • People's Will- remove Tsar
     • Pressure autocracy into consitutional reform
     • Develop peasants develop Russia
     • Black Repartition
       • Share/partition black soil provinces among peasantry

4. QUOTE

   • "A clique of dedicated professionals" is needed for revolution according to Sixmith