Science

Science

1. orderly process of

   • posing and answering questions
     • through repeated and unbiased experiments and observations
     • Scientific method=loosely organized steps used 4 research and problem solving
       • Observations
         • Testable questions
           • Form hypotheses
             • Experiments
               • test hyptheses
                 • refine and retest hypotheses
                   • make conclusions
               • Independent Variable: one that CAUSES CHANGE
                 • Dependent Variable: what is being MEASURED
                   • Control
                     • Replicated
             • Hypothesis=TENTATIVE statement that CAN be tested
               • Null Hypothesis=1st hypotheses = no DIFFERENCE
                 • STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
                   • Mean - add all numbers, then divide by number of numbers. Ex: 5+7+9+8/4 = 7.25
                     • Subtract every number in an experiment by the MEAN
                       • Range - HIGHEST - LOWEST
                         • Mode: the # that appears MOST in a set of numbers
                   • STANDARD DEVIATION
                     • a) Find MEAN
                       • b) Find DEVIATION (each sample - MEAN)
                         • c) SQUARE the DEVIATION
                           • d) SUM the DEVIATIONS
                             • e)DIVIDE the sum by N/1. *N = number of samples
                               • f)SQUARE ROOT the answer
                   • TESTING THE HYPOTHESES
                     • calculate MEAN
                       • MEAN - (1/2) Standard Deviation
                         • MEAN + (1/2) Standard Deviation
                           • Do the answers overlap?
                             • YES, REJECT NULL HYPOTHESES
                             • NO ACCEPT NULL HYPOTHESES