Marxism

Marxism

1. Karl Marx

   • Base Super Structure Model
     • The economic foundation of society
   • The powerful minority imposed their ideas on the powerless majority,

2. Althusser

   • Ideological State Apparatuses: Media and family - socialise and interpellate ideologies
   • Repressive State Apparatuses: police and military - use force to maintain ideologies.

3. The Frankfurt School

   • Horkhiemer: Capitalism
   • Adorno: Popular and mass culture
     • Hypodermic Needle Model
       • audience reaction to mass media - its propaganda and the audience is passive.
   • Marcuse

4. Gramsci

   • Hegemony
     • The power relationships within society and the dominance of the ruling class.
     • Media texts influence audiences that these values are 'common'

5. Barthes

   • Denotation
   • Connotation
   • Enigma Codes