Concept Map

Concept Map

1. Chemistry

   • How it's created
     • -First experienced pollution when making fires in caves
       • Since then the Earth's surface gets polluted day by day, more and more
   • Causes of Air Pollution
     • Human Resources
       • Home
         • Varnish
         • Hairspray
         • Tobacco Smoke
       • Car
         • Personal automobile single: greatest air polluter
         • release of contains; carbon monoxide, nitrous oxide, oxide gas
           • Everyone who sits down in traffic jam are being poisoned by air pollution
     • Natural Resources
       • most important natural causes of air pollution is volcanic eruption
         • Gases emitted in a volcanic eruption include sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen fluoride
           • sulfur dioxide causes air pollution
       • Other causes
         • Wind erosion
         • Pollen Dispersal
         • Evaporation of organic compounds
         • Natural Radioactivity
     • Air Pollution from modern world
       • Production factories, power-generating, office buildings stations burn fossil fuels, diesel furels
         • Fossil fuels, diesel fuels mixtures of hydrocarbon produces lots of air pollutions
       • Nuclear energy production process cause great deal of air pollutions
       • Fertilizer and pesticides create dust and polluted air
     • Air pollution from dust
       • Burning wood create dust, smog, direct air pollution
     • Air pollution from destroying trees
       • burning wood create dust, smog, direct air pollution
   • Ways to reduce Air pollution
     • Indoor Water garden
       • By making garden indoor you can make fresh home air quality
     • Plant trees
       • By planting trees you can reduce air pollution
     • Home
       • Conserve Energy- always turn off appliances and light when no need to use
       • Always Recycle
       • Keep wood stoves and fire places well maintained
       • Buy green electricity produced by low or 0 pollution facilities
       • Connect outdoor lights to timer or use solar lightning
       • Wash clothes with warm or cold water instead of hot water
       • Choose not to smoke at home
     • Drive wise
       • always keep tires inflated and aligned
       • Avoid waiting in long drive-thru lines. For an example, fast-food restaurants, banks, etc.
       • Plan your trips
       • Save gasoline as much as possible

2. Ecology

   • Environmental Effects
     • Surface Water Contamination
       • waste in water bodies negatively change chemical composition of water
         • Will affect all ecosystems existing in water
           • Can also harm animals that drink from polluted water
     • Soil Contamination
       • Hazardous chemicals that get into the soil harm plants when contamination goes through their roots
     • Leachate
       • Forms very harmful mixtures of chemicals
         • may result in hazardous substances entering surface water, ground water, and soil
   • Health Risks
     • If humans eat plants and animals that have been contact with polluted soils, can have a negative impact on their health
     • Bad waste management practices can result in land and air pollution
       • Can cause health effects ad contaminants are absorbed from the lungs into other parts of the body
   • Different types of Waste Management
     • Landfills
       • Most common way to manage waste disposal
         • Truck drivers bring waste to a landfill site, the waste gets disposed and then burried
     • Incineration
       • Burns solid organic wastes and convert them into residue and gaseous products
     • Recycling
       • makes one item and than reprocessed into new products
     • Composting
       • Decomposes plant materials, food scraps, and paper products into organic matter
     • Waste To Energy
       • The energy content of waste products can be harnessed in two ways:
         • It can be harnessed directly by using them as a direct combustion fuel or indirectly by processing them into a different type of fuel

3. Physics

   • Non-renewable Energy
     • Disadvantages
       • Pollution grows greater by the by-products and mining left behind of non-renewable energy
       • Contribute to global warming and break humans habits to lean on non-renewable energy sources remain a challenge
     • Issues
       • Cannot be replaced in our lifetime, even in future generations
         • Once they are used up, that's it. It's gone forever
     • Health Risks
       • Linked to various cancers and immune system malfunctions
       • Uranium which is used in nuclear power plants causes birth defects and abnormal heart, liver, and kidney functions with prolonged exposure.
       • Coal plants cause lung cancer
       • Coal miners inhale coal dust and contract black lung disease
         • about 4,000 miners die each year
     • Environmental Consequences
       • Very harmful to the environment when mined, processed, and consumed
       • Coal processing plants leach toxic metal into ground water
         • Produces tons of additional waste
       • Gasoline burned in combustion engines emits carbon dioxide and other pollutants, causing global climate change