Study Guide Midterm Communication Studies

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General questions about persuasion you should probably know leaving the class

What is persuasion?

Communication that influences action or belief.

How does it work?

Their is a communicator and they send messages to the audience. Can be done through many different mediums.

What is the transactional model of communication?

Communicator sends messages through a channel or channels and the receiver obtains the messages.

Source: incodes messages> messages: conveys message thru code>Channel: carries message> receiver: decodes messages

Toulmin

be able to list and define the 5 different parts of Toulmin’s model of argument

Claim, data, warrent, backing, qualifier:

Be able to recognize the 5 different parts of Toulmin’s model of argument

Claim: main point> data: proof>warrent: uses data to support claim> backing:reinforces warrent>qualifier:strength of the claim.

You will be asked to construct an argument using this model

Claim: People who drink tea live longer

Know Aristotle’s 3 proofs,

Ethos: credibility, Logos: reasoning, Pathos: emotional appeal.

What are the different topics for persuasion?

Plenty of things, some serious topics are religion, politics, and sexuality. Some less serious topics include what you might eat, how to do your hair, what to buy, ect.

3. Crisis Communication (text only; not lectured on)

What is it?

What are the major elements/strategies?

The Campaign

What is a campaign and how does it differ from other forms of persuasion

Campaigns are used to get the audience to act and is way of advertising.

Know the Yale Model of Campaigning

identification>legitimacy>participation>penetration>distribution

Ethos

What is it?

The credibility of a speaker.

What are some major factors in credibility?

Their title, appearance, citing sources. Being honest to the audience.

How does a speaker add credibility to them/their speeches?

Citing sources, be honest and speak in a confident tone. Use real-life examples. Dress nicely and good posture. Present yourself nicely and professionally. Do reasearch on the topic you will be talking about.

6. The Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion

What is it?

Two different routes to persuasion.

What are the two major routes? How are they similar? How are they different?

Central and peripheral processing.

Which route is more effective? When or what is it more effective for?

Central as it is

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1. Critical Theory: What is it?

A theory with a practical purpose. Carl Marx?

What does it challenge?

Negative power?

b. Muted Group Theory

Some groups, such as minorities, do not get as much say or attention as their other counterparts.

2. Rank’s Model of Persuasion

Intensify your pros, downplay your cons. Downplay opponents pros, intensify opponents cons.

3. The Mass Media

A process in which organizations produce messages to a large audience.Pop culture.

b. Theory of Minimal Effects/Accumulation Theory (same theory)

A message is minimal but persistent. Repetitive over time and adds up.

c. Agenda Setting Theory

The news/media can select what story is more important.

d. Framing and Lakoff

Framing theory suggest that how something is presented can influence the choices people make.

i. This will include the New York Times article on the Saphir Whorf

hypothesis

a. What is Burke’s outlook on Persuasion?

Life is a drama. Consists of act, purpose, agent, agency, scene

b. What is Dramatism?

Life is a like a drama and human actions are based on it.

5. Monroe’s Motivated Sequence: What is it?

A way to organize speeches that inspire the audience to take action.

b. What are the steps?

Attention>Need>Satisfaction>Visualization>Action

6. Cognitive Dissonance: What is it?

A feeling resulting from 2 non-fitting pieces of knowledge about the world.

b. How is it alleviated?

Seeking out consonant info and avoiding dissonant info.

c. How does it affect persuasion?

We will remember things that strengthen our agrument and forget the weaknesses.

7. Propaganda: What is it?

It is a misleading message used to persuade a group of people on behalf of a political organization or cause.

b. How is it different from persuasion?

It is misleading, things are concealed and information is often withheld.

a. What is persuasion?

An action of persuading someone to believe something.

b. What theories made the most sense to you?

Aristotle's theory.

c. Think about which theories interact with each other