Chapter 36 Key Terms

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autonomic bladder: bladder no longer controlled by the brain because of injury or disease; void by reflex only

bacteriuria: condition that occurs when bacteria enter the bladder during catheterization, or when organisms migrate up the catheter lumen or the urethra into the bladder; bacteria in the urine

continent urinary reservoir: a surgical alternative that uses a section of the intestine to create an internal reservoir that holds urine, with the creation of a catheterizable stoma

cutaneous ureterostomy: a type of incontinent cutaneous urinary diversion in which the ureters are directed through the abdominal wall and attached to an opening in the skin

enuresis: involuntary urination; most often used to refer to a child who involuntarily urinates during the night

external condom catheter: soft, pliable sheath made of silicone material applied externally to the penis

functional incontinence: state in which a person experiences an involuntary, unpredictable passage of urine

hematuria: blood in the urine; if present in large enough quantities, urine may be bright red or reddish brown

ileal conduit: urinary diversion in which the ureters are connected to the ileum with a stoma created on the abdominal wall

indwelling urethral catheter: catheter that remains in place for continuous urine drainage; synonym for Foley catheter

intermittent urethral catheter: straight catheter used to drain the bladder for short periods (5–10 minutes)

Kegel exercises: repetitious contraction and relaxation of the pubococcygeal muscle to improve vaginal tone and urinary continence

micturition: process of emptying the bladder; urination; voiding

mixed incontinence: symptoms of urge and stress incontinence are present, although one type may predominate

nephrotoxic: capable of causing kidney damage

nocturia: excessive urination during the night

overflow incontinence: involuntary loss of urine associated with overdistention and overflow of the bladder

postvoid residual (PVR): urine that remains in the bladder after the act of micturition; a synonym for residual urine

reflex incontinence: emptying of the bladder without the sensation of the need to void

specific gravity: a characteristic of urine that can be determined with manufactured plastic strips or an instrument called a urinometer or hydrometer

stress incontinence: state in which the person experiences a loss of urine of less than 50 mL that occurs with increased abdominal pressure

suprapubic catheter: catheter inserted into the bladder through a small abdominal incision above the pubic area

total incontinence: continuous and unpredictable loss of urine, resulting from surgery, trauma, or physical malformation

transient incontinence: occurrence that appears suddenly and lasts for 6 months or less and usually is caused by treatable factors, such as confusion secondary to acute illness, infection, and as a result of medical treatment, such as the use of diuretics or intravenous fluid administration

urge incontinence: state in which a person experiences involuntary passage of urine that occurs soon after a strong sense of urgency to void

urinary diversion: surgical creation of an alternate route for excretion of urine

urinary incontinence: any involuntary loss of urine

urinary retention: inability to void although urine is produced by the kidneys and enters the bladder; excessive storage of urine in the bladder

urination: process of emptying the bladder; micturition; voiding

voiding: process of emptying the bladder; also called micturition or urination

(Taylor 1265)

Taylor, Carol. Fundamentals of Nursing. Wolters Kluwer Health, 10/2014. VitalBook file.