chapter 8 notes

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Photosynthesis 8.1 and 8.2

I can:

Compare and contrast autrophs and heterotrophs

Compare and contrast ADP and ATP

state the photosynthesis formula

state and explain the scientist who researched it

Explain pigments and their roll

Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs

Energy is stored in ATP or ADP

ADP= adenosine diphosphate

Has 2 phosphates

Partially charged battery (not enough for energy)

ATP= Adenosine triphosphate

Has 3 phosphates

Fully charged

*Energy is released from ATP when the last bond between phosphates is broken*

Scientists

Va Helmont = Concluded that most of a plants mass is made of water (plants take in wat)

Priestley = using a candle & jar with a plant, he conculded that plants release oxygen

Ingenhouz= plants need light to produce oxygen with the info from the above scientists, the idea of photosynthesis was formed

Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis = uses the enrgy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into suger and oxygen

Equation = 6CO2 + 6H2O -> 6C2H12O6+6O2

Pigments

In addition to water and carbon dioxide, photosynthesis requires light and chloraphyll

Chlorophyll is inside of chloroplast

Chlorophyllis a pigment (a loght absorbing molecule), it helps turn light into energy

2 types of chloophylls a and b

Ligh absorbed well in the blue, violet, and red sides of the spectrum, but poorly absorbed in the green part

Green light is reflected by leaves, which is why they look green

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Photosynthesis 8.3

I can

State the parts of the chloroplast

State and explain the light reactions in photosythesis

LD RXN

Light- dependent reactions

Requires sunlight

Happens in thylakoid

5 main stages

1)Photosynthesis 2 absorbs light. Water molecules are broken, electrons are energized.

2) Electrons move down electrons transport chain to reach photosystem 1

3) Photosystem 1 absorbs light, electrons are re-energized and form NADPH

4) When H2O was split in step 1, the H+ ions become inside the thylakoid]

5) H+ ions from inside thylakoid are pumped out through ATP synthase, which converts ADP to ATP

Calvin Cycle

The ARP and NADPH from the LD RXNare used in the calvin cycle

AKA light - independent RXN; in stroma

Sugar, like glucose, is created

4 main stages

1) 6-CO2 molecules enter the cycle they combine with 6, 5- carbon molecules to make 12, 3- carbon molecules (oxygen is released)

2) The 12. 3- carbon molecules are converted using ATP and NADPH (ATP -> ADP & NADPH -> NADP+)

3)Two of the 12, 3- carbon molecu;es removed (to created sugars)

4) The remainin 10, 3- carbon molecules are converted back into 6, 3- carbon molecules

Then cycle starts over from the beginning

The ADP and NADP+ (from steps 2) go back to the thylakoid to help with LD RXN