Lang & Media - created from Mind Map

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Gender

Power

Technology

Deficit

Dominance

Performativity

Difference

Diversity

Other

Robin Lakoff

Otto Jespersen

WHAT

women socialised to be ladylike > keeps them in their place (precludes power)

women's lang

women are bilingual in female & male lang

tag questions

cooperative, apologetic, subordinating

conveys: weakness, uncertainty, unimportance

women's lang

less extensive vocab

leaves sentences unfinished

less complex sentence construction

speak w/out prior thought

women's language: handicapped & deviates from norm (mens lang)

male lang: more prestigious, strong, desirable

Dale Spender

Zimmerman & West

The Ardeners

Pamela Fishman

Swacker

WHAT

men not only control women but the language system itself

manmade language: mankind, history

research into interruptions and overlaps

supports ideas of pamela fishman

men interrupt more than women- conversational dominance (it's whats expected)

dispute lakoff: womens lang is less assertive/confident BC of their less powerful position in society, not the other way around

e.g. in business meetings/professional settings, difficulty holding the floor

interprets lakoff's features differently

differences explained by expectations

questions: keep the conversation going, not uncertainty

women do the 'conversational shitwork' bc males less concerned to do so

males spoke 3x longer than women; conversational dominance

confident in holding the floor because its expected of them

power imbalance

women aren't deficient but men are dominant/controlling

Judith Butler

WHAT

gender doesn't drive linguistic behaviour but is constructed by it

we are not slaves to our gender and masters of the way our gender is presented

variation the performance of gender roles that society deems appropriate

Jennifer Coates

Deborah Tannen

(John Gray)

WHAT

Deborah Cameron

WHAT

Swift and Miller

Peter Trudgill

Jenny Cheshire