Quiz
Ethical issues
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Perguntas do quiz (54)
1Natural Moral Law
"Good is to be [blank_start]done[blank_end] and pursued and [blank_start]evil[blank_end] is to be avoided"- Aevil
- Bmoney
- Cdevil
- Dgood
- Edone
- Fhappen
- Gfelt
- Hloved
2Cicero [blank_start]NML[blank_end]
" True law is right [blank_start]reason[blank_end] in agreement with [blank_start]nature[blank_end]. It is applied [blank_start]universally[blank_end] and is [blank_start]unchanging[blank_end]."- ANML
- Breason
- Cnature
- Duniversally
- Eunchanging
3Bible NML
"Ever since the [blank_start]creation[blank_end] of the world, His invisible nature, namely his [blank_start]eternal[blank_end] power and deity has been clearly [blank_start]perceived[blank_end] in the things he has [blank_start]made[blank_end]."- Acreation
- Beternal
- Cmade
- Dperceived
4PP
1 [blank_start]Preserve[blank_end] human life
2 Educate [blank_start]offspring[blank_end]
3 [blank_start]Worship[blank_end] God
4 Live in an [blank_start]ordered[blank_end] society
5 [blank_start]Reproduce[blank_end]- APreserve
- Boffspring
- CWorship
- Dordered
- EReproduce
5Aquinas believed that the [blank_start]PP[blank_end] were necessary for achieving happiness. The SP govern how we should act in certain situations. They focus on the final end. His interpretation of law is justice or principle. This is not relative to the culture you live in as they are fixed laws. the SP goals are to the PP and to tell us the facts.
- APP
- BSP
6[blank_start]Apparent[blank_end] good: they don't help us fulfill our [blank_start]God[blank_end] given [blank_start]purpose.[blank_end]
Real: In line with our [blank_start]telos[blank_end] and help towards the PP
Pain relief through [blank_start]euthanasia[blank_end] is an apparent good as it stops them from [blank_start]fulfilling[blank_end] their purpose.- Atelos
- BGod
- Cpurpose.
- Deuthanasia
- Efulfilling
- FApparent
7Interior - [blank_start]intention[blank_end]
Exterior- what you do
[blank_start]Euthanasia[blank_end] has a good interior act but a bad [blank_start]exterior[blank_end] act.- Aexterior
- Bintention
- CEuthanasia
8The principle of [blank_start]double[blank_end] effect helps to avoid mistakes in [blank_start]moral[blank_end] reasoning in difficult case. It says that it is always [blank_start]wrong[blank_end] to do [blank_start]bad[blank_end] acts intentionally in order to bring about [blank_start]good[blank_end] consequences. However you can [blank_start]kill[blank_end] a man in self [blank_start]defence[blank_end] in order to save your own [blank_start]life[blank_end] if [blank_start]proportional[blank_end] force is used.
- Adouble
- Bmoral
- Cwrong
- Dbad
- Egood
- Fkill
- Gdefence
- Hlife
- Iproportional
9Principle of double effect
4 conditions that must be satisfied .
1 Act must be either [blank_start]morally[blank_end] or neutrally good.
2 the [blank_start]bad[blank_end] effect must not be the thing that brings about the good effect.
3 the bad effect must be the [blank_start]unintended[blank_end] side effect.
4 the good effect must bad at least as [blank_start]important[blank_end] as the bad effect.- Amorally
- Bunintended
- Cbad
- Dimportant
10The principle of [blank_start]proportionism[blank_end] by Bernard Hoose says that there are certain moral [blank_start]rules[blank_end] that you can never go against unless there is proportionate reason to [blank_start]justify[blank_end] it.
Strengths
Robust principle that is based on [blank_start]common[blank_end] sense
It is used in [blank_start]daily[blank_end] life outside NML
Weaknesses
Denied by the CC as it says no act can be [blank_start]intrinsically[blank_end] evil.
- Aproportionism
- Brules
- Cjustify
- Dcommon
- Edaily
- Fintrinsically
11NML strengths
It establishes [blank_start]common[blank_end] rules to live in an ordered society.
Sets firm [blank_start]boundaries[blank_end].
Realistic as it see people can make [blank_start]mistakes[blank_end].
it was the basis for [blank_start]developing[blank_end] human rights .
It is a [blank_start]universal[blank_end] guiding principle.- Acommon
- Bboundaries
- Cmistakes
- Ddeveloping
- Euniversal
12Weaknesses NML
It shares the [blank_start]teleological[blank_end] view that we all share a common [blank_start]nature[blank_end] from God.
Leads to [blank_start]persecution[blank_end] of individuals e.g. [blank_start]homosexuals[blank_end].
Assumes that everyone want to [blank_start]worship[blank_end] God
No flexibility as it is [blank_start]deontological[blank_end].- Ateleological
- Bnature
- Cpersecution
- Dhomosexuals
- Eworship
- Fdeontological
13Natural [blank_start]Moral[blank_end] Law was propounded by [blank_start]Aquinas[blank_end] and is a [blank_start]deontological[blank_end] theory which means it is based on duty and has [blank_start]rules[blank_end] we must follow. It is a [blank_start]legalistic[blank_end] theory which means it has rules that you must follow and cannot break. So it makes rules more [blank_start]important[blank_end] that people. We learn the rules through Scriptures and teachings from the [blank_start]Church[blank_end]. It is the will of [blank_start]God[blank_end] and the PP come from the rules God has put in us. The ultimate focus is for a [blank_start]union[blank_end] with God.
- AMoral
- BAquinas
- Cdeontological
- Drules
- Elegalistic
- Fantinomians
- Gimportant
- HChurch
- IGod
- Junion
14Situation Ethics was propounded by [blank_start]Fletcher[blank_end] and gives a [blank_start]situational[blank_end] approach to ethics.The situationist has respect for the laws, may often follow the laws and be informed by tradition. However, he is free to make the right choice according to the [blank_start]situation[blank_end]. So it is the middle ground between [blank_start]legalistic[blank_end] which follow rules and [blank_start]antinomians[blank_end] who reject all rules. Situation Ethics focuses on Christian [blank_start]Agape[blank_end] love and is governed by the 4 Working Principles developed by Vardy and Grosch.
- AFletcher
- Bsituational
- Csituation
- Dlegalistic
- Eantinomians
- FAgape
15The 4 Working Principles
1 – Relativism – morality is [blank_start]relative[blank_end] to the situation.
2- Positivism- [blank_start]Agape[blank_end] is the only good thing. We should love one another.
3- Personalism- [blank_start]people[blank_end] come before laws.
4- Pragmatism- morality is about what [blank_start]maximizes[blank_end] love in the situation.- Amaximizes
- Brelative
- CAgape
- Dpeople
16" A [blank_start]pragmatist[blank_end] turns his back upon [blank_start]fixed[blank_end] principles and [blank_start]pretend[blank_end] absolutes."
" Love is [blank_start]patient[blank_end] , love is kind." St Paul
"Love thy [blank_start]neighbor[blank_end]" Jesus
" For the [blank_start]situationist[blank_end] there are no rules-none at all" Fletcher- Apragmatist
- Bpretend
- Cfixed
- Dpatient
- Eneighbor
- Fsituationist
176 Fundamental Principles
1 Love is the only thing that is [blank_start]intrinsically[blank_end] good- absolute for all and above the law.
2 Love is the only [blank_start]norm-standard[blank_end] moral behavior
3 [blank_start]Love[blank_end] and [blank_start]justice[blank_end] are the same- justice is love evenly distributed
4 love is not an emotion it is [blank_start]willed[blank_end]
5 the end [blank_start]justifies[blank_end] the means
6 loves decisions are made [blank_start]situationally[blank_end].- Aintrinsically
- Bnorm-standard
- Cjustice
- DLove
- Ewilled
- Fjustifies
- Gsituationally
18Strengths SE
You are following [blank_start]Jesus[blank_end] as agape was grounded in the life of Jesus
love is motivational
putting people above laws is based on [blank_start]common[blank_end] sense
promotes individual [blank_start]autonomy[blank_end] as people are [blank_start]empowered[blank_end] to make there own decisions
it can adapt
focuses on [blank_start]helping[blank_end] people
promotes social justice
easy to [blank_start]understand[blank_end]- Aunderstand
- Bautonomy
- CJesus
- Dempowered
- Ehelping
- Fcommon
19Weaknesses SE
Puts a lot of [blank_start]responsibility[blank_end] on the individual
Discards [blank_start]Christian[blank_end] tradition
No [blank_start]consensus[blank_end] on what the most loving thing is
Uses [blank_start]extreme[blank_end] examples
Love doesn’t always j[blank_start]ustify[blank_end] what you do
It is [blank_start]ambiguous[blank_end]- Aresponsibility
- BChristian
- Cconsensus
- Dextreme
- Eustify
- Fambiguous
20Virtue Ethics was propounded by [blank_start]Aristotle[blank_end] and is a c[blank_start]haracter[blank_end] based ethics focused on becoming a [blank_start]virtuous[blank_end] person and reaching [blank_start]eudaimonia.[blank_end] It is agent centers not [blank_start]act[blank_end] centered meaning it focuses on [blank_start]developing[blank_end] the person not what the act is. It believes moral virtues are formed by [blank_start]habit[blank_end] and nurturing kindness over a [blank_start]lifetime[blank_end].
- AAristotle
- Bharacter
- Cvirtuous
- Deudaimonia.
- Eact
- Fdeveloping
- Ghabit
- Hlifetime
21Virtue ethics means that you focus on doing the [blank_start]golden mean.[blank_end] the focus is not to [blank_start]exaggerate[blank_end] or [blank_start]underrate[blank_end] yourself. Only v[blank_start]oluntary[blank_end] actions can be seen as virtuous as you have to be [blank_start]intending[blank_end] to do a good act.
MEANS
courage
temperance
generosity
truthfulness
modesty
justice
ambition
friendship- Agolden mean.
- Bexaggerate
- Cunderrate
- Doluntary
- Eintending
22Aristotle believes that [blank_start]intellectual[blank_end] virtue of oria ([blank_start]contemplation[blank_end]) is more important than moral virtue.
Contemplation is the [blank_start]highest[blank_end] aspect of the soul
This is based on s[blank_start]cientific[blank_end] thinking which is [blank_start]divine[blank_end] as it is done for its own sake and productive of the greatest [blank_start]happiness[blank_end].- Aintellectual
- Bcontemplation
- Chighest
- Dcientific
- Edivine
- Fhappiness
23Strengths VE
The whole [blank_start]personality[blank_end] is considered and you develop a good [blank_start]character[blank_end] and judgement.
Human centered so values the [blank_start]strength[blank_end] of moral character.
No rules [blank_start]conflict[blank_end] so allows for moral judgment.
[blank_start]Equips[blank_end] people to deal with problems.
Focuses on [blank_start]eudaimonia[blank_end] so you have a good well being.
It is [blank_start]flexible[blank_end] and sees emotions as important.- Apersonality
- Bcharacter
- Cstrength
- Dconflict
- EEquips
- Feudaimonia
- Gflexible
24Weaknesses VE
It ignores [blank_start]culture[blank_end] so what is virtuous to one culture will not be the same to another
Less effective in a [blank_start]wider[blank_end] context
Many moral answers require a quick [blank_start]answer[blank_end] so they cannot wait a lifetime
they are all very [blank_start]manly[blank_end] virtues
it is very dull being [blank_start]virtuous[blank_end]
Elizabeth Anscombe- argues that moral absolutes and laws are out of date in a society that has [blank_start]abandoned[blank_end] God.- Aculture
- Bwider
- Canswer
- Dmanly
- Evirtuous
- Fabandoned
25Lying SE
It is [blank_start]justified[blank_end] if you are doing it out of love but wrong if you are doing it for yourself. It is only morally right if you are doing it to [blank_start]protect[blank_end] someone. E.G. if you have a [blank_start]medical[blank_end] illness that you pass on to someone else because you didn't tell them or right such as the [blank_start]German[blank_end] prisoners we had to send back to there death so the German's wouldn't know that we had cracked the German code.- Ajustified
- Bprotect
- Cmedical
- DGerman
26Lying VE
The aim is to have a [blank_start]society[blank_end] where it is the habit to tell the truth, the mean is to never [blank_start]exaggerate[blank_end] or [blank_start]underrate[blank_end] yourself. If you admit the fault you are displaying the [blank_start]virtues[blank_end] of courage, honesty and truthfulness. The virtues should all work together to form a [blank_start]synergy[blank_end] for a greater power.- Asociety
- Bexaggerate
- Cunderrate
- Dvirtues
- Esynergy
27Lying NML
violates the PP of living in an [blank_start]ordered[blank_end] society and the SP of " do not [blank_start]lie[blank_end]" and the [blank_start]biblical[blank_end] commandment which forbids people to [blank_start]bear[blank_end] false witness. You can tell a [blank_start]misleading[blank_end] truth e.g. if a murderer came to your door wanting to know where his next victim is.- Aordered
- Blie
- Cbiblical
- Dbear
- Emisleading
28Theft NML
Breaks the [blank_start]PP[blank_end] of living in an ordered society and it leads to [blank_start]disorder[blank_end] also breaks SP of "do not [blank_start]steal[blank_end]"
However if a man was [blank_start]starving[blank_end] he could steal to save his life as it is the PP of preserving life as [blank_start]saving[blank_end] a life justifies the act.- APP
- Bsteal
- Cdisorder
- Dstarving
- Esaving
29Theft SE
It is wrong because it is the most [blank_start]loving[blank_end] thing to do for you and puts you first [blank_start]above[blank_end] agape.
It ignores " [blank_start]love[blank_end] thy neighbor."
Other people could be in the [blank_start]same[blank_end] position and denies them from having an opportunity.- Aloving
- Babove
- Clove
- Dsame
30Theft VE
Either you don't do it because you have [blank_start]built[blank_end] up good virtues or you do do it but you learn it is not a [blank_start]virtuous[blank_end] thing to do. Theft is a [blank_start]base[blank_end] action which means it is simply an error.
However it van be [blank_start]justified[blank_end] in some cases.- Abuilt
- Bvirtuous
- Cbase
- Djustified
31NML embryo research, cloning and designer babies
[blank_start]Abandons[blank_end] the usual methods of [blank_start]procreation[blank_end] and goes against the PP of procreation, living in an [blank_start]ordered[blank_end] society and [blank_start]worshipping[blank_end] God. it goes against god being the creator and human life is created " in the [blank_start]image[blank_end] of God" so we cannot [blank_start]tamper[blank_end] with it.
It breaks the SP of "do not [blank_start]murder[blank_end]"
Designer babies will lead to an even bigger [blank_start]gap[blank_end] between rich and poor.
" I knit you together in my [blank_start]Mothers[blank_end] womb."- AAbandons
- Bprocreation
- Cordered
- Dworshipping
- Eimage
- Ftamper
- Gmurder
- Hgap
- IMothers
32SE- embryo research, designer babies and cloning
The loving thing to do is to rid the child of the [blank_start]disease[blank_end] so they don't suffer.
The good for the " [blank_start]actual[blank_end] persons " is more important than the good of the "[blank_start]potential[blank_end] persons"
Having a designer baby to save an [blank_start]ill[blank_end] child is acceptable,
we can use man-machine [blank_start]hybrids[blank_end] for [blank_start]dangerous[blank_end] jobs as it is the mot loving thing for us.- Adisease
- Bactual
- Cpotential
- Dill
- Ehybrids
- Fdangerous
33VE embryo research,cloning and designer babies
The key virtue is [blank_start]compassion[blank_end] we should focus on the wellbeing rather than on cells in a Petri [blank_start]dish[blank_end]. it would be right to [blank_start]control[blank_end] human suffering.
Designer babies could mean the theological aspect of VE would be lost as there would be no [blank_start]common[blank_end] set of virtues anymore- Acompassion
- Bdish
- Ccontrol
- Dcommon
34NML abortion
A fetus becomes a person at [blank_start]60[blank_end] days so people can have an abortion before then, after that people are [blank_start]responsible[blank_end] if they harm the fetus as it violates the PP of [blank_start]protecting[blank_end] the innocent and worshipping God. This is supported by the [blank_start]Sanctity[blank_end] of life.
The CC forbids abortion except through the principle of [blank_start]double[blank_end] effect e.g. it is acceptable if the mother has a hysterectomy which kills the child as it saves the Mothers life.- A60
- Bresponsible
- Cprotecting
- DSanctity
- Edouble
35SE abortion
It is acceptable if it is the most [blank_start]agapeic[blank_end] thing to do e.g. in a [blank_start]concentration[blank_end] camp a doctor aborted 3000 children as if they were born both the mother and the child would have been [blank_start]killed[blank_end].
If the child has a bad [blank_start]quality[blank_end] of life then it is acceptable but it is entirely situational.- Aagapeic
- Bconcentration
- Ckilled
- Dquality
36VE abortion
It is better to abort [blank_start]potential[blank_end] babies rather than actual ones
Rosalind [blank_start]Hursthouse[blank_end]
You could be acting [blank_start]selfishly[blank_end] it is more to do about why you are having the abortion as it is an extremely important decision so it shouldn't be made because to something [blank_start]trivial[blank_end] such as morning sickness. Cutting short a life over something trivial is [blank_start]morally[blank_end] evil.- Apotential
- BHursthouse
- Cselfishly
- Dtrivial
- Emorally
37NML voluntary euthanasia and assisted suicide
It [blank_start]rejects[blank_end] any form of either of them as it goes against the PP of preserving [blank_start]human[blank_end] life, worshipping god and living in ordered society.
Aquinas believes that suicide Is a [blank_start]fearsome[blank_end] evil as it goes against your human [blank_start]nature[blank_end] and gods gift to humans
It breaks the [blank_start]Sanctity[blank_end] of life and it is gods decision when you die not yours
It also opens the door to [blank_start]compulsory[blank_end] euthanasia.- Arejects
- Bhuman
- Cfearsome
- Dnature
- ESanctity
- Fcompulsory
38SE voluntary euthanasia and assisted suicide
It tries to find a [blank_start]rational[blank_end] , pragmatic and personal decision as it should be their choice without [blank_start]family[blank_end] pressure.
Should be taken into account if they are suffering from [blank_start]depression[blank_end], if the diagnosis is correct and if the choice has been approved by more than one [blank_start]medical[blank_end] profession.- Arational
- Bfamily
- Cdepression
- Dmedical
39VE voluntary euthanasia and assisted suicide
If they are in a state where they can no longer reach [blank_start]eudaimonia[blank_end] then further living id pointless so it would be seen as the [blank_start]courageous[blank_end] option
Murder can never be [blank_start]justified[blank_end] so the person should do it themselves
Case study Ann and George- Aeudaimonia
- Bcourageous
- Cjustified
40NML capital punishment
capital punishment is right as it " is lawful to kill a [blank_start]wild[blank_end] beast" however it must be done by someone [blank_start]appointed[blank_end] by the state to avoid [blank_start]revenge[blank_end] getting out of hand.
It is deterrence and retribution and it [blank_start]safeguards[blank_end] society
Angel Diaz- Awild
- Bappointed
- Crevenge
- Dsafeguards
41SE capital punishment
Some would prefer to [blank_start]reform[blank_end] the prisoner and some say it should be done to maintain public [blank_start]order[blank_end] as they disagree as to whether Jesus was a pacifist- Areform
- Border
42VE capital punishment
there are no [blank_start]rules[blank_end] when it comes to capital punishment as it is linked to the virtue of [blank_start]justice[blank_end] as I is considered to be an [blank_start]end[blank_end] of itself for the good of others
it is about justice if it was for justice then capital punishment would be wrong if it wasn't then it would be right.- Arules
- Bjustice
- Cend
43NML intensive farming
If they are for [blank_start]human[blank_end] food then it is fine as humans can use animals anyway that they want to. Killing them is not an issue as human life is [blank_start]above[blank_end] animal life.
Animals are put there for any [blank_start]purpose[blank_end] to which humans choose to put them to
" although man is of the same "[blank_start]genus[blank_end]" as other animal he is of a different "[blank_start]species[blank_end]"
Barth - an animal has lots of uses besides being useful to humans so we cannot take [blank_start]priority[blank_end] over them.- Ahuman
- Babove
- Cpurpose
- Dgenus
- Especies
- Fpriority
44SE intensive farming
the spectacle of [blank_start]staring[blank_end] children is worse than intensive farming.
However it is not [blank_start]loving[blank_end] as it is a short term solution so we should produce new [blank_start]technologies[blank_end] so that we can produce meat without harming animals.- Astaring
- Bloving
- Ctechnologies
45VE intensive farming
[blank_start]Aristotle[blank_end] believes that animal existed for the sake of humans however some methods are not [blank_start]humane[blank_end] so no virtue would support intensive farming
the virtues are aimed at people not animals so it gives you no [blank_start]guidance[blank_end] what to do
we do need to consider [blank_start]compassion[blank_end] and intensive farming is not remotely compassionate so it would be rejected.- AAristotle
- Bhumane
- Cguidance
- Dcompassion
46NML blood sports
NML offers little or no [blank_start]objection[blank_end] to blood sports as humans can use animals as they see fit and the pain and [blank_start]suffering[blank_end] Is accepted as part of that. It is also justified if the animal dies [blank_start]legitimately[blank_end]
However the CC says " it is contrary to human [blank_start]dignity[blank_end] to cause animals to suffer and die [blank_start]needlessly[blank_end]."
It does not [blank_start]fulfill[blank_end] the end meant by God.- Aobjection
- Bsuffering
- Clegitimately
- Ddignity
- Eneedlessly
- Ffulfill
47SE blood sports
It is accepted because it is part of human [blank_start]make[blank_end] up and is less [blank_start]unloving[blank_end] than intensive farming.
It is also right if you kill foxes in order to [blank_start]protect[blank_end] your livestock
However it [blank_start]damages[blank_end] the human character and can lead to people inflicting pain for pleasure
Some believe there is [blank_start]nothing[blank_end] agapeic about killing animals.- Amake
- Bunloving
- Cprotect
- Ddamages
- Enothing
48VE blood sports
There are many other ways to [blank_start]demonstrate[blank_end] courage other than blood sports.
Rosalind says that blood sports develop the [blank_start]vice[blank_end] of callousness
Aristotle believes it is alright as it was a Greek [blank_start]pastime[blank_end] and a source of food.
However it can [blank_start]offend[blank_end] some people.- Ademonstrate
- Bvice
- Cpastime
- Doffend
49NML cloning - animals in scientific procedures
It is only [blank_start]immoral[blank_end] if the pain was not necessary and was being inflicted by human [blank_start]cruelty[blank_end] as they might develop the tendency to do the same to humans " might do the same to [blank_start]men[blank_end]"
it is the PP of [blank_start]preserving[blank_end] human life
it is wrong as you are changing the [blank_start]nature[blank_end] of animals and you it might become a [blank_start]habit[blank_end]- Aimmoral
- Bcruelty
- Cmen
- Dpreserving
- Enature
- Fhabit
50SE cloning animals in scientific procedures
It is a [blank_start]pragmatic[blank_end] way of saving human lives and is an [blank_start]agapeic[blank_end] end to human disease
However it can never be loving to [blank_start]subject[blank_end] and animal to the kinds of tests required- Apragmatic
- Bagapeic
- Csubject
51VE cloning animals in scientific procedures
it is considered [blank_start]morally[blank_end] good if they cure disease so is compatible with VE
the highest thing is our [blank_start]intelligence[blank_end] and cloning allows us to use that
However the big objection is that the animal is in [blank_start]pain[blank_end] as Rosalind argues that the experiments are generally [blank_start]unnecessary[blank_end] as the benefits do not outweigh the suffering- Amorally
- Bintelligence
- Cpain
- Dunnecessary
52NML organs for transplant
they approve of organ transport as it is our [blank_start]moral[blank_end] right to use animals
However [blank_start]modifications[blank_end] is not permitted and killing an animal for its organs would prevent it from [blank_start]fulfilling[blank_end] its purpose as you are modifying Gods creations.- Amoral
- Bmodifications
- Cfulfilling
53SE organ transplant
it depends on the [blank_start]status[blank_end] of the animal it should be pigs as they are the closest to us and are not an [blank_start]endangered[blank_end] species
Some believe the animals should be dead or [blank_start]consenting[blank_end]- Astatus
- Bendangered
- Cconsenting
54VE organs for transplant
[blank_start]Compassion[blank_end] is shown through do it and [blank_start]Aristotle[blank_end] would support it as it uses [blank_start]scientific[blank_end] thinking.
However it uses the vice of [blank_start]callousness[blank_end] as it shows that animals lives are expendable to humans- ACompassion
- BAristotle
- Cscientific
- Dcallousness
Informações
- Descrição
- A level philosophy and ethics Quiz sobre Ethical issues , criado por Lucy Amos em 10-03-2018.
- Autor
- Lucy Amos
- Idioma
- English
- Visualizações
- 5
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