Quiz
PSYC 351 Final
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Perguntas do quiz (110)
1A simple and effective way to quantify personality is called [blank_start]a self-report measure[blank_end]; they frequently use simple True-False type questions OR an incremental scale from agree to disagree.
- Aa self-report measure
- Ba person-situation narrative
- Ca scientific person scale
- Da Likert scale
2A person lying to make themselves appear better on a questionnaire is known as [blank_start]socially desirable responding[blank_end].
- Asocially desirable responding
- Bwillfull disregard
- Coppositional defiance
- Dunknown; it rarely happens
3The strength of the relationship between two things is reflected in the [blank_start]size[blank_end] of the correlation.
- Asize
- B"true" result of the finding
- Cnull hypothesis
- Daggregate
4When two variables are not related to each other, this is known as a(n):
- ANegative correlation
- BInverse relational correlation
- CNull correlation
- DInvalid measure
5Internal reliability refers to:
- AAlpha probability
- BItems having face validity
- CDiscriminant validity
- DAll items on a questionnaire measure the same thing
6Predictive validity is useful in that it tends to be:
- ARelated to a concrete outcome or behavior
- BA limitation of convergent validity
- CIt isn't useful because it puts the researcher in an erroneous position as predictor of future events
- DRelevant with regard to horoscopes
7A questionnaire measuring what it is supposed to measure is an example of:
- ADesirability
- BValidity
- CReliability
- DStandard deviation
8The [blank_start]Barnum effect[blank_end] refers to the tendency for people to believe vague, positive statements about themselves.
- ABarnum effect
- BPersonality effect
- CConvergent interpersonal hypothesis
- DDescriptive mode
9[blank_start]Informant reports[blank_end] work particularly well for undesirable traits.
- AInformant reports
- BPersonality disordered inventories
- CEysenck's questionnaires
- DTriangulation efforts
10An experimenter finding that women who use condoms are more likely to be depressed and hostile, and subsequently concluding that semen acts as an anti-depressant is an example of something called:
- ACorrelate specifics
- BProblematic relationship factors
- CConfounding variables
- DRepressive copers
11Relatively stable tendencies of individuals are referred to as:
- ASequence types
- BHabits
- CMisnomers
- DTraits
12A reverse-scored item on an assessment means:
- AOne item is negatively correlated with another item
- BItem is null
- COne item has greater impact on the final score than the other item
- DThe researcher was unclear on what they were measuring
13With regard to the Big Five Personality Traits, facets are:
- AUnimportant and irrelevant to researchers
- BMore specific components or subcategories of the Big 5 traits
- CMistaken beliefs about someone's personality
- DLimited to behaviors and attitudes
14According to the text, extraversion is linked to:
- ALower financial problems
- BPoor mental health
- CBetter mental health
- DLower sensitivity to reward centers in the brain
15Someone seeing the worst in people is referred to as:
- ALow agreeableness
- BAntisocial personality disorder
- CThe hostile attribution bias
- DAn encapsulated delusion
16Hermione Granger in Harry Potter illustrates well the Big Five trait:
- AHighly conscientious
- BHighly agreeable
- CLow neurotic
- DLow conscientious
17Which of the Big Five traits has the strongest predictor for academic and professional success:
- AOpenness to experience
- BAgreeableness
- CConscientiousness
- DExtraversion
18According to the text, which of the Big Five traits is the most difficult to define:
- AConscientiousness
- BOpenness to experience
- CNeuroticism
- DExtraversion
19People high in Neuroticism tend to have:
- ALess physical health problems
- BMore physical health problems
- CLess depressive symptoms
- DHigher life expectancies
20What are the three main influences considered in personality research:
- Agenetics, shared environment, nonshared environment
- Bgenetics, biology, share environment
- Cgenetics, biology, nonshared environment
21Contrast effect refers to:
- Athe oldest child in a family taking advantage of his/her parents
- Btwo factors working together to influence personality traits
- Cwhen one sibling consciously tries to be different from the other
22Genotype refers to the genetic predisposition; phenotype refers to how it actually appears in the organism.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
23Which part of the brain is responsible for processing reactions to fear:
- AHippocampus
- BAmygdala
- CVentral Striatum
24According to evolutionary psychologists, we're not only motivated by our own survival, but by reproduction and [blank_start]the survival of others close to us[blank_end].
- Athe survival of others close to us
- Bsex with attractive partners
- Csocial interaction
25Self-concept refers to
- Ahow others perceive you
- Byour true self
- Ca person's image of themselves
26Self-esteem refers to
- Aa person's image of themselves
- Ba person's attitude toward themselves
- Cyour true self
27If/when we guide and direct ourselves toward a desired state, this is an example of:
- Aour material self
- Bself-monitoring
- Cself-regulation
28If an instructor of a college course finds that editing their swearing is difficult, it could be an indication that they are a
- Alow self-monitor
- Bhigh self-monitor
- Ctruly actualized
29The "donut-personality" example in the text suggests
- Ahigh explicit self-esteem and low implicit self-esteem
- Bhigh explicit self-esteem and high implicit self-esteem
- Cquack science
30Psychodynamic approaches focus on the [blank_start]interaction[blank_end] and [blank_start]conflict[blank_end] between the conscious and unconscious.
- Ainteraction
- Bmind
- Crational
- Dpower
- Econflict
- Fimpulses
- Girrational
- Hplay
31Transference refers to
- Athe way the client perceives the therapist
- Bthe way the therapist perceives the client
- Cthe interplay between the id and ego
- Dhow we view ourselves in a rational way
32Freud's topographical model of the psyche looks at the mind as having [blank_start]three[blank_end] parts.
- Athree
- Bfour
- Ctwo
- Dfive
33Having libido attached to the mouth is an example of a fixation coming out of which developmental stage:
- Aanal
- Boral
- Clatent
- Dphallic
34In dream interpretation, Freud felt we needed to focus on:
- Alatent content
- Bmanifest content
- Csexual content
- Dpenis envy
35Strategies we use to keep unconscious thoughts from the conscious mind are known as:
- Aarchetypes
- Bself discrepancies
- Cfree associations
- Ddefense mechanisms
36The collective unconscious in attributed to which theorist:
- AFreud
- BJung
- CHorney
- DAdler
37Karen Horney integrated coping with [blank_start]anxiety[blank_end] as a major focus for the study of personality.
- Aanxiety
- Bpower struggles
- Cbirth order
- Dearly attachment faults
38Object relations theory provides a model for understanding individuals by examining how they think about [blank_start]other people[blank_end].
- Aother people
- Bsex
- Cdream interpretation
- Dconscious awareness
39There is essentially no difference between 'goals' and 'motives'.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
40Approach and avoidance motivation focus more on [blank_start]internal[blank_end] psychological processes.
- Ainternal
- Bexternal
- Cunconscious
- Dsub-primate
41According to the text, which color had a high priming rate for influencing performance:
- Ablue
- Bwhite
- Cred
- Dblack
42Humanistic psychology emphasizes the need to focus on the [blank_start]whole[blank_end] person.
- Awhole
- Bunconscious aspects of
- Cexternal relationships of the
- Dinternal drives of the
43[blank_start]Maslow[blank_end] is known for his theory of man's 'hierarchy of needs'.
- AMaslow
- BRogers
- CMurray
- DJung
44The three major implicit motives discussed in CH 7 (by a particular theorist) are the power motive, affiliation motive, and the [blank_start]achievement[blank_end] motive.
- Aachievement
- Bcontrol
- Cprocreation
- Dspiritual
45Personal growth and affiliation are examples of:
- Aextrinsic goals
- Bintrinsic goals
- Cnarcissism in both men and women
- Dself-actualization
46[blank_start]Flow[blank_end] describes the smooth passage of time that occurs during a peak experience, when you are completely immersed in an activity in the present moment.
- AFlow
- BSelf-actualization
- CMindful practice
- DZen mindfulness
47[blank_start]Operant conditioning[blank_end] is the shaping of behavior through rewards and punishments.
- AOperant conditioning
- BPositive reinforcement
- CSocial learning
- DClassical conditioning
48Punishments are not effective in changing behavior.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
49When a fear becomes [blank_start]generalized[blank_end], it means a conditioned response has applied to other, similar things.
- Ageneralized
- Bunconditioned
- Cexpectant
- Ddiscriminant
50Getting used to something in the environment and not responding as strongly anymore is an example of:
- Adiscrimination
- Bextinction
- Cspontaneous response
- Dhabituation
51The theorist most commonly referred to for complex and classic experiments in behaviorism was:
- AB.F. Skinner
- BMaslow
- CD. Freedman
- DJ. Watson
52When a parent takes away their child's privileges (cell phone, use of electronics, et al) they're practicing what is known as:
- Acorporal punishment
- Bnegative reinforcement
- Cpositive parenting
- Dcontinuous reinforcement
53When doing studies of children's personalities, researchers tend to focus on [blank_start]temperament[blank_end].
- Atemperament
- Bsublimation
- Cthe Big Five
- Dconditioning methods
54The text suggests that [blank_start]narcissism[blank_end] declines with age but [blank_start]longitudinal studies[blank_end] are limited.
- Anarcissism
- Bconscientiousness
- Cneuroticism
- Dlongitudinal studies
- Ecross-sectional analysis studies
55Radical personality change happens very infrequently and is called [blank_start]quantum change[blank_end].
- Aquantum change
- Bborderline personality
- Cmaturation
- Dsplit personality disorder
56A new life stage the text references between adolescence and adulthood is known as [blank_start]emerging adulthood[blank_end].
- Aemerging adulthood
- B'tween years'
- Cenabled young adults
- Dprogressive relaxation
57Even subtle and surprising correlates of personality, such as facial expressions, can predict life outcomes.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
58Having a stable romantic partner seems to make people less [blank_start]neurotic[blank_end], no matter what their age.
- Aneurotic
- Bextraverted
- Cagreeable
- Dopen to experience
59Unfortunately, researchers have yet to identify effective strategies for increasing conscientiousness.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
60With regard to birth order, data actually suggests:
- Aonly children tend to be maladjusted
- Byoungest children tend to be the most conscientious
- Cmiddle born children tend to be neglected
- Dbirth order affects personality, but not as much as people would expect
61As much as possible, researchers rely on [blank_start]longitudinal studies[blank_end] in order to describe age differences in personality.
- Alongitudinal studies
- Bcross-sectional studies
- Cinformant reports
- Drelatedness scales
62Gender usually refers to:
- Amales and females as two biological categories
- Broles and behaviors caused by biology, culture, or both
- Cthe same thing
63According to the text, sex and gender cannot be changed at will, and they are not purely cultural.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
64While it isn't entirely straightforward, research suggests that testosterone is the [blank_start]result[blank_end] of experiences such as an angering encounter, handling a weapon, or a favored sports team winning.
- Aresult
- Bcause
- Cneutralizing agent
65As cultures change, gender differences change as well.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
66It is wide to widen our lens when viewing personality traits in order to view other sex differences that interact with personality, such as interests, cognitive abilities, and [blank_start]sexuality[blank_end].
- Asexuality
- Breligious affiliation
- Cstereotypes
67Men and women are more similar than they are different on the vast majority of psychological traits.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
68The PAQ (Personal Attributes Questionnaire) focuses primarily on
- Adifferences in SES and other cultural factors
- Bsexual orientation
- Cstereotypically masculine and feminine personality traits
69Taking up more space with your body is called:
- Apower distance
- Bself-consciousness
- Cbody explansiveness
70The largest sex difference in abilities (according to the text) is in [blank_start]spatial ability[blank_end].
- Aspatial ability
- Bvocabulary
- Cmath
71Burping after a good meal to show appreciation for a good meal was an example given in the text to illustrate:
- Aindividualistic cultures
- Bsocial norms
- Csocial class
72[blank_start]Individualism[blank_end] separates the self from others, but [blank_start]collectivism[blank_end] unite(s) the self and others.
- AIndividualism
- BCollectivism
- Ccollectivism
- Dindividualism
- Eexternal attributions
73In traditional, more collectivistic cultures, divorce is rare.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
74According to the text, there are cross-cultural differences in approach vs. avoidance--how much someone focuses on attaining success vs. avoiding failure. When compared to Westerners, East Asians are motivated more by:
- Aattaining success
- Bavoiding failure
- Cthere was no statistical difference between these groups
75Countries high in [blank_start]neuroticism[blank_end] tend to have more formal systems of rules that attempt to minimize cultural and situational ambiguity.
- Aneuroticism
- Bagreeableness
- Cconscientiousness
76Countries high in neuroticism tend to have more formal systems of rules that attempt to minimize cultural and situational ambiguity is called:
- Auncertainty avoidance
- Bnational character
- Creference-group effect
77Name the country that ranks highest for the most nervous residents
- AJapan
- BUnited States
- CCanada
- DChina
78Vocational interests are one of the factors used to determine:
- Apersonality traits
- Bvocational fit
- Cjob satisfaction
- Davoidance motivation
79Overall, [blank_start]conscientiousness[blank_end] is more important than [blank_start]extraversion[blank_end] for a successful business in sales.
- Aconscientiousness
- Bextraversion
- Cextraversion
- Dconscientiousness
- Eneuroticism
- Fagreeableness
80Doing positive things for your organization or place of employment beyond your defined job is known as:
- Aorganizational citizenship behavior
- Bdemonstrating extraversion in the workplace
- Ccounterproductive workplace behavior
- Dnarcissistic behavior
81The Big Five traits are actually not a good predictor of job satisfaction so one must take the literature with a 'grain of salt'.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
82Jobs high in erudition are best defined as those that:
- Ainvolve helping others
- Binvolve creating some sort of products
- Cinvolve risky and engaging experiences
- Dinvolve gaining knowledge on many topics
83According to the text, employees high in agreeableness make less money.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
84Overall, the one trait that appears to be the most important in terms of leadership is:
- Aextraversion
- Bopenness to experience
- Cconscientiousness
- Dagreeableness
85Dominant and prestigious leaders differ primarily in [blank_start]agreeableness[blank_end].
- Aagreeableness
- Bneuroticism
- Cextraversion
- Dopenness to experience
86The theorist best known for their work in the development of Attachment theory was:
- ASteven Lombardo
- BJohn Bowlby
- CAlfred Adler
87There are three primary attachment styles: secure, anxious, and [blank_start]avoidant[blank_end].
- Aavoidant
- Breclusive
- Chostile
88There is very little correlation between our early attachment experiences in childhood and attachment styles that occur later in life.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
89Empathy includes [blank_start]perspective-taking[blank_end], i.e., the ability to see the world from another's point of view.
- Aperspective-taking
- Bself-control
- Ctransformational learning
90Psychopathy includes a lack of empathy mixed with [blank_start]impulsivity[blank_end].
- Aimpulsivity
- Bmood disorders
- Cdependency traits
91The text refers to 'The Dark Triad' which refers to three negative traits: psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and [blank_start]narcissism[blank_end].
- Anarcissism
- Bneuroticism
- Cexploitative
92Researchers are increasingly recognizing that personality traits and mental disorders are often [blank_start]on a continuum[blank_end].
- Aon a continuum
- Bunrelated
- Cirrevocable
93Personality disorders (PDs) are arranged into [blank_start]three[blank_end] clusters.
- Athree
- Btwo
- Cfour
94The more negative experiences children have, the more likely they are to develop a PD as an adult.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
95Most of the time, PD symptoms [blank_start]lessen[blank_end] as people mature and age.
- Alessen
- Bincrease
- Cstay unchanged
96Intense fear of or phobia of public places is called [blank_start]agoraphobia[blank_end].
- Aagoraphobia
- Bsocial phobia
- Ccynophobia
97Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by [blank_start]delusions[blank_end].
- Adelusions
- Bmood swings
- Cnonverbal behaviors
98Unfortunately, mental disorders rarely respond to psychotherapeutic treatments.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
99Bibliotherapy refers to:
- ATreating oneself with self-help books
- BTherapy that emphasizes changing thoughts and behaviors
- CTreatment of PDs by prayer and scripture service
100One of the best ways to increase self-control is through [blank_start]mindfulness meditation[blank_end].
- Amindfulness meditation
- Bcognitive-behavioral therapy
- Cexposure therapy
101According to the text with regard to the Termites studied, which trait was by far the best predictor of who lived the longest
- Apotential for mating in captivity
- Bsocial group
- Cconscientiousness
- Dneuroticism
102It's possible that neuroticism itself does not directly lead to health problems but instead leads to poor health choices which in turn leads to unhealthy eating habits.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
103In the term, Type D, the 'D' refers to:
- Adepressed
- Bdysfunctional
- Cdistressed
- Ddysthymic
104Research suggests that when we practice self-control in one area of our life, it has no impact for other areas of our life.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
105Rumination refers to
- Athe common practice of letting stressful thoughts run through your mind, over and over
- Bthoughts contemplated by the poet, Rumi
- Cnot expressing the thoughts and emotions that risk others' disapproval
- Dthe body's organic system for fighting disease
106The Type D personality is derived from the combination of which two traits:
- Alow conscientiousness and high extraversion
- Blow conscientiousness and high agreeableness
- Chigh neuroticism and high power drive
- Dhigh neuroticism and high social inhibition
107According to a study done by Steve Ilardi, exposure to sunlight had little to no effect on symptoms of depression.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
108In the term, Type T, the 'T' refers to:
- Atortured
- Btimid
- Cthrill-seeking
- Dtoxic
109Strategies to reduce anger, hostile arousal, and frustration would include:
- Apractice deep breathing or mindfulness meditation
- Bpractice cognitive behavioral strategies
- Cjournaling and/or psychotherapy
- Dany of the above would be reasonable treatment approaches
110The textbook suggests who, among Pooh Bear and his friends, will live the longest based upon the pessimistic vs. optimistic explanatory style:
- AOwl
- BKanga
- CEeyore
- DTigger
Informações
- Descrição
- Practice questions from previous quizzes to study for the final!
- Autor
- Claire Nishikawa
- Idioma
- English
- Visualizações
- 46
- Etiquetas
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