Quiz
2 Interviewing
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Perguntas do quiz (34)
1An effective interviewer is…
[blank_start]Knowledgeable[blank_end]: is thoroughly familiar with the focus of the interview.
[blank_start]Structuring[blank_end]: gives purpose for interview; rounds it off; asks whether interviewee has questions.
[blank_start]Clear[blank_end]: asks simple, easy, short questions; no jargon.
[blank_start]Gentle[blank_end]: lets people finish; gives them time to think; tolerates pauses.
[blank_start]Sensitive[blank_end]: listens attentively to what is said and how it is said; is empathetic in dealing with the interviewee.
[blank_start]Open[blank_end]: responds to what is important to interviewee and is flexible
[blank_start]Steering[blank_end]: knows what he/she wants to find out.
[blank_start]Critical[blank_end]: is prepared to challenge what is said, for example, dealing with inconsistencies in interviewees’ replies.
[blank_start]Remembering[blank_end]: relates what is said to what has previously been said.
[blank_start]Interpreting[blank_end]: clarifies and extends meanings of interviewees’ statements, but without imposing meaning on them
[blank_start]Balanced[blank_end]: does not talk too much, which may make the interviewee passive, and does not talk too little, which may result in the interviewee feeling he or she is not talking along the right lines.
[blank_start]Ethically sensitive[blank_end]: is sensitive to the ethical dimension of interviewing, ensuring the interviewee appreciates what the research is about, its purposes, and that his or her answers will be treated confidentially.- AKnowledgeable
- BStructuring
- CClear
- DGentle
- ESensitive
- FOpen
- GSteering
- HCritical
- IRemembering
- JInterpreting
- KBalanced
- LEthically sensitive
2[blank_start]Interviews[blank_end] can be [blank_start]conducted[blank_end] by
[blank_start]Participants[blank_end]: [blank_start]Individual[blank_end] or [blank_start]Focus groups[blank_end]
[blank_start]Formality[blank_end] or [blank_start]Structure[blank_end]: [blank_start]Structured[blank_end], [blank_start]Semi-structured[blank_end] or [blank_start]Unstructured[blank_end]- AInterviews
- BParticipants
- CIndividual
- DFocus groups
- EFormality
- FStructure
- GStructured
- HSemi-structured
- IUnstructured
- Jconducted
3Formality or structure interview types range from Structured which are more strongly associated with Qualitative to Unstructured which are more strongly associated with Quantitative.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
4A structured interview should be used when:
- AObtaining statistical data
- BThe sample is large
- CThere is good pre-existing knowledge about topic and likely responses
- DThe aim is to study variables across cases
- EThere is limited knowledge about the topic
- FThe sample is small
- GThe aim is to understand participant's experience
5A structured interview should not be used when
- AObtaining statistical data
- BThe sample is large
- CThere is good pre-existing knowledge about topic and likely responses
- DThe aim is to study variables across cases
- EThere is limited knowledge about the topic
- FThe sample is small
- GThe aim is to understand participants' experience
6A semi-structured interview should be used when
- AYou want to understand the participants' experience
- BThe participant is able to tell his/her story
- CYou want to canvas the same issues with all participants (or a group of participants)
- DObtaining statistical data
- EThe sample is large
- FUsing a purposeful conversation style (no guide)
7A semi-structured interview should be used when you want to have a purposeful conversation with a participant without any guide.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
8An unstructured interview should be used when
- ATo understand the participants experience
- BThe participant is able to tell his/her story
- CThe focus is on the participant's experience
- DObtaining statistics
- EUsing a large sample size
- FUsing a purposeful conversation style (no guide)
- GYou want to canvas the same issues with all participants (or a group of participants)
- HQuestions are formulated on the run
- IThe researcher must keep the focus of inquiry in mind while listening
9A structured interview should be used when you want to canvas the same issue with all participants (or group).
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
10When conducting semi-structured or unstructured interviews questions should be used to expand the conversation.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
11When conducting interviews, closed questions should be used to minimise the responses from participants.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
12Unstructured interviews should be used when you want
- ATo find out what is important to the participant
- BThe participant to tell their story
- CTo understand the experience from the "inside" (as much as that is possible)
- DTo cover the same issue with everyone
- ETo make comparisons between groups of participants
- FTo measure effects of a programme
- GTo count stuff
13An unstructured interview should not be used when you want
- ATo find out what is important to the particiapant
- BThe participant to tell their story
- CTo understand the experience from the "inside" (as much as that is possible)
- DTo cover the same issues with everyone
- ETo make comparisons between groups of participants
- FTo measure effects of a programme
- GTo count stuff
14"Do you enjoy being on campus" is an example of a closed-ended question.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
15"What parts of the campus do you enjoy?" is an example of a closed-ended question.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
16When interviewing participants, it is important to use complex questions to get the most responsive answers.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
17Double-barrelled questions are a useful interviewing technique e.g. What do you like about campus? Do you enjoy your classes?
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
18Interview questions should not contain suggested answers e.g. What do you like about campus? Is it location or the open spaces or the availability of services?
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
19Indirect questions can be a useful interview technique e.g. What do you friends think about campus?
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
20Interview questions should not signal a desired answer e.g. Do you agree that the lecture theatres are pretty sterile?
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
21Use of jargon is encouraged in interview questions e.g. How does the campus rate in term of amenity values?
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
22Interviewers should not seek clarification from the participant if they are unclear on what an answer means.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
23If seeking clarification from a participant, the interviewer should make it clear it is their problem understanding not the fault of the interviewee.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
24The following strategies are often useful when encouraging interviewees to talk
- ANodding
- BSaying uh-huh
- CRemaining silent but attentive
- DInterrupting to clarify
- EClosing your eyes to give the participant privacy to think
- FHumming a pleasant melody
- GThroat clearing
- HYawning
25Examples of good questions to use to seek elaboration in an interview include
- ATell abouts questions such as "tell me about...", "how does...", or "Tell me about a time..."
- BSearch for feelings questions such as "How did you feel about that?" or "How did that make you feel"
- CFollow the thread questions such as "You said ... can you tell me more about that?"
- DThread the needle questions such as "To reiterate what you just said ... is that correct?"
- EDid you feel questions such as "Did that make you feel happy?" or "Did that make you feel angry?"
- FMove on questions such as "Moving to the next question..." or "on an unrelated topic..."
26Interview schedulitus is a condition that
- Ais common among inexperienced qualitative interviewers who are over reliant on - and preoccupied by - their interview schedule
- Bis common among experienced qualitative interviewers who are over-reliant on - and preoccupied by - their interview schedule
- Cis common among inexperienced quantitative interviewers who are over-reliant on - and preoccupied by - their interview schedule
- Dis when an inexperienced researcher has scheduled interviews closely together and keeps running out of time with participants
27Symptoms of interview schedulitus include
- AStilted conversation
- BFailure to listen
- CLoss of rapport and engagement
- DEase of conversation
- ERunning out of time before the next interview
- FA good rapport between interviewer and interviewee
28To avoid interview schedulitus the best preparation is knowing your subject, not producing a smart looking interview guide.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
29Interview schedulitus can be avoided by
- AProducing a smart looking interview guide
- BKnowing your subject
- CResearching the interviewee beforehand
- DAll of the above
30[blank_start]Confidentiality[blank_end]
Because respondents may be sharing very personal information, it is important to honestly assess how much confidentiality you can promise. Some kinds of disclosures (such as child abuse or threats to the safety of self or others) must be reported, and respondents need to know this from the start. Also consider how the confidentiality of individuals will be preserved when the data are analyzed and reported. Related issues include who has access to the data and who "owns" it.
[blank_start]Informed consent[blank_end]
Most studies, including program evaluations, are covered by some kind of human subjects review process. This will usually require that respondents sign a permission form agreeing to participate, after being informed of potential risks and benefits. If children are involved, a parent or legal guardian must provide this permission.
[blank_start]Risk assessment[blank_end]
It is important to consider all potential risks and include them in the informed consent process. Even though "just talking" may seem inherently harmless, people who participate in open‐ended interviews may experience psychological stress, legal or political repercussions, or ostracism by peers or staff who believe that the participant has said unflattering things about them to the interviewer.
[blank_start]Promises and reciprocity[blank_end]
The issue here is what interview participants get in return for sharing their time and insights with you. Will they or their communities benefit in some way from the results of the study? If promises are made (such as copies of reports or monetary payments), those promises should always be kept.
[blank_start]Interviewer mental health[blank_end]
Interviewing experiences can be intense interpersonal experiences. Just as participants may experience psychological stress from disclosing more than intended or being reminded of painful experiences, interviewers may be overwhelmed by the sensitive nature of what is seen or heard, especially in home‐ or field‐based interviews. Some
form of debriefing after the interview may be necessary. Interviewers should always know who to go to if they need advice or consultation on handling practical or emotional issues that arise from an interview.- AConfidentiality
- BInformed consent
- CRisk assessment
- DPromises and reciprocity
- EInterviewer mental health
31Ethical issues such as privacy/confidentiality, informed consent, risk assessment, promises and reciprocity and interviewer wellbeing are not relevant for qualitative interviewing.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
32Informed consent is required for interviews.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
33Tavis Smiley's recommendations for having a good unstructured interview (he calls a conversation) includes:
1. Knowing your [blank_start]topic[blank_end]
2. Knowing the difference between a [blank_start]conversation[blank_end] and an [blank_start]interview[blank_end]
3. Being a generous [blank_start]listener[blank_end]- Atopic
- Baudience
- Ccurrent events
- Danecdotes
- Econversation
- Finterview
- Glistener
- Hlover
- Ispeaker
- Jspeech
34According to Tavis Smiley, if you are a generous listener your interviewee will tell you
- Awhere to go next
- Babout their childhood
- Canything you want to know
- Dwhat you want to hear
Informações
- Descrição
- Interviewing as part of psychological research
- Autor
- Ryan Bentham
- Idioma
- English
- Visualizações
- 32
- Etiquetas
- Avaliação
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