Quiz
The Gastrointestinal System- Physiology- PMU
Perguntas do quiz (113)
1The term ‘metabolism’:
- Arefers to all the chemical reactions that occur in the body
- Bincludes the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones
- Cincludes the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones
- Dincludes anabolism and catabolism
- Eall of the above
2Which of the following statements concerning energy storage in the body is true?
- Amost is stored in the form of ATP
- Bmost is stored in the form of glucose
- Cmost is stored in the form of fat
- Dmost is stored in the form of protein
- Emost is stored in the form of DNA
3The enzyme amylase is secreted by:
- Aliver and duodenum
- Bduodenum and pancreas
- Csalivary glands and liver
- Dpancreas and salivary glands
- Estomach and duodenum
4An example of absorption is the:
- Amovement of food by peristalsis
- Bactive transport of glucose into a villus
- Chydrolysis of a peptide into amino acids
- Drelease of secretin in the presence of HCL
- Ec and d
5Chewing food aids digestion by:
- Astimulating the release of bile
- Bincreasing the surface area of the food
- Cbreaking up large protein molecules into peptides
- Dbreaking down carbohydrates
- Ebreaking down fats
6A function of the small intestine is to:
- Asecrete bile
- Bfilter waste
- Cmake vitamins
- Dabsorb nutrients
- Esecrete HCL
7The main source of energy in food is:
- Aproteins
- Bvitamins
- Cnucleic acids
- Dcarbohydrates
- Elipids
8Which of the following has the lowest pH?
- Agastric juice
- Bhepatic bile
- Cpancreatic juice
- Dsaliva
- Esecretion of the intestinal glands
9Calcium absorption is facilitated by:
- Ahypercalcaemia
- Boxalates in the diet
- Ciron overload
- D1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol
- Eincreased Na+ absorption
10When parietal cells are stimulated, they secrete:
- AHCL and intrinsic factor
- BHCL and pepsinogen
- CHCL and HCo3-
- DHCO3- and intrinsic factor
- Emucus and pepsinogen
11Secretion of HCL by the gastric parietal cells is needed for:
- Aactivation of pancreatic lipases
- Bactivation of salivary lipases
- Cactivation of intrinsic factor
- Dconversion of pepsinogen into pepsin
- Eformation of micelles
12Fat absorption occurs mainly in the:
- Astomach
- Bduodenum
- Cterminal ileum
- Dcaecum
- Esigmoid colon
13The movements of the small intestine are:
- Amixing contraction
- Bpropulsive contraction
- Cantiperistaltic contraction
- Dhunger contraction
- Ea and b
14Where the protein hydrolysis occurs:
- Aoral cavity
- Bstomach
- Csmall intestine
- Desophagus
- Eb, and c
15Which of the following organs or tissues is most dependent upon a constant blood supply of glucose?
- Aliver
- Bbrain
- Cadipose tissue
- Dskeletal muscle
- Ecardiac muscle
16After a fatty meal is taken, most of the fat would be:
- Aabsorbed in the portal circulation and transported to the liver
- Babsorbed in the portal vein and transported in the hepatic artery
- Cabsorbed as chylomicrons in the lymphatic system
- Dabsorbed as triglycerides into the portal vein and bypasses the liver
- Eabsorbed in the duodenum
17For fat digestion:
- Abile salts are the most efficient emulsifiers
- Bgastric lipase is the most important
- Cpancreatic lipase in the duodenum is the most important
- Ddigestion takes place in micelles
- Emicelles attach to enterocyte receptor
18Gastric acid secretion is decreased by:
- Avagal inhibition
- Bingestion of protein
- Cnoradrenaline
- DM1-cholinergic antagonist show the same efficacy at reducing gastric acid secretion
- Edistension of bowel wall
19Release of which one of the following increases the pH of duodenal contents?
- Asecretin
- Bgastrin
- Cintrinsic factor
- Dcholecystokinin
- Egastrin releasing peptide
20In the small intestine, glucose is absorbed:
- Apassively
- Bby secondary active transport (coupled to Na transport)
- Cby facilitated diffusion
- Dby co-transport with chloride
- Eactively by insulin dependent uptake
21After ingestion of a meal:
- Adigestion of fat and carbohydrate begins in the mouth while protein digestion begins in the stomach
- Bcarbohydrates are digested in the mouth and proteins in the stomach
- Cproteins are digested in mouth and fats and carbohydrates in stomach
- Dmost fluid and electrolytes are absorbed in the large bowel
- Ecomposition of the food has no effect on transit time through the bowel
22Calcium uptake in the intestine:
- Ais passive
- Brequires a carrier protein on the mucosal side
- Cis by facilitated diffusion
- Dis less than 10% of dietary intake
- Eis facilitated by phosphate
23Which one of the following is a water soluble vitamin?
- Avit. A
- Bvit. B
- Cvit. D
- Dvit. E
- Evit. K
24In the duodenum in response to acidic chyme is released:
- Acholecystokinin
- Bgastrin
- Csecretin
- Dpeptide
- Eamylase
25In the GI tract. the layer, responsible for absorption and secretion is:
- Amucosa
- Bsubmucosa
- Cmuscularis
- Dserosa
- Eadventitia
26The digestive enzyme, produced in the salivary glands and the pancreas is:
- Amaltase
- Bamylase
- Cpepsin
- Dnuclease
- Elipase
27This keeps the chyme in the stomach until it reaches the right consistency to pass into the small intestine:
- Aesophageal sphincter
- BIntrinsic sphincter
- Ccardiac sphincter
- Dpyloric sphincter
- Eduodenal sphincter
28Most of the chemical and mechanical digestion is carried out within:
- Apylorus
- Bfundus
- Cstomach
- Dlarge intestine
- Esmall intestine
29Parietal cells secrete:
- Aserotonin
- Bmucus
- Cpepsinogen
- Dhydrochloric acid
- Egastrin
30The cells at the base of fundic or oxyntic glands are:
- Achief cells
- BG cells
- Centeroendocrine cells
- Dgoblet cells
- Eparietal cells
31The chyme movement and flow into the stomach is controlled by:
- Anervous system
- Bpancreas
- Cvarious digestive system hormones
- Dliver
- Eboth the nervous system and various digestive system hormones
32The function of the ileum is to:
- Aabsorb nutrients
- Babsorb vitamin B12 and bile salts
- Cintroduce bile and pancreatic juices
- Dabsorb alcohol and aspirin
- Eall of the above
33Gastrointestinal hormones:
- Aare secreted by exocrine glands of the gut mucosa and affect metabolism
- Bare secreted into the blood stream by specialised cells in the gut walls and modulate its motor and secretory activity
- Care secreted by the gastric walls and protect the gut mucosa from the effect of HCL and proteolytic enzymes
- Dare situated in the epithelial intestinal cells (enterocytes) and control the cell metabolism of nutrients
- Eare secreted by the gastric walls and colon and protect the gut mucosa from the effect of HCL and proteolytic and nucleic enzymes
34The gastrointestinal enzymes;
- Aare situated in the epithelial cells (enterocytes) and control cell metabolism
- Bare secreted into the blood stream by specialized cells in the gut walls and modulate its motor and secretory activity
- Care secreted by exocrine glands of the gut mucosa and break down nutrients
- Dare secreted by the gastric walls and protect the gut mucosa from the effect of HCL and proteolytic enzymes
- Eare secreted by the gastric walls into the small intestine and protect the gut mucosa om the effect of HCL, proteolytic and nucleic enzymes
35Which enzymes are secreted with the gastric juice:
- Apepsinogene and lipase
- Bpepsinogene, tripsinogene and maltase
- Cpepsinogene, lipase and HCL
- Dprotcolytic, lipolytic and amylolytic enzymes
- Eprotcolytic, nucleolytic, lipolytic and amylolytic enzymes
36Which enzymes are secreted with the pancreatic juice:
- Alipolytic: lipase and esterase
- Bproteolytic: trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, elastase, carboxypeptidase, etc
- Camilolitic: amylase, maltase, sacharase, lactase
- Dnucleic: RNA-ase and DNA-ase
- Eall of the above
37The enzymes, secreted with the intestinal juice are:
- Aexopeptidases, lipase, maltase, nucleic (nuclease, nucleotidases, nucleosidases)
- Bendo- and exopeptidases, esterase and amylolytic enzymes
- Caminopeptidase, dipeptidase, nuclease and llpase
- Daminopeptidase, dipeptidase, nuclease, somatostatin, secretin, cholecystokinin-pancreozimin
- Etrypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, elastase and lipase
38Which of the bile components are important for digestion:
- Asecretin and hepatocrinin
- Bbile salts, phospholipids, cholesterol
- Cacid phosphatase, secretin and hepatocrinin
- Dproteolytic, lipolytic and amylolytic enzymes
- Echolecystokinin-pancreozimin and hepatocrinin
39The humoral factors inhibiting gastric motility are:
- AGastrin
- BGIP, catecholamines, secretin, somatostatin, cholecystokinin-pancreozimin
- CSecretin and cholccystokinin-pancreozimin
- DGastrin and motilin
- EIntestinal hormones, somatostatin, secretin and cholecystockinin-pancreozimin
40The humoral factors stimulating gastric motility are:
- ACatecholamines, secretin, gastric peptide, somatostatin, cholecystokinin-pancreozimin
- BSecretin and cholecystokinim-pancreozimin
- CMotilin and gastrin
- DGIP, VlP, somatostalin, secretin and cholecystokinin-pancrezimin
- EGastrin, histamine, secretin
41The humoral factors that stimulate intestinal motility are:
- Acatecholamines and intestinal hormones
- Bsecretin and hepatocrinin
- Csecretin, cholecystokinin-pancreozimin, GlP, VIP, substance P and bombesin
- Dintestinal hormones
- Egastin, secretin, cholecystokinin-pancreozimin and hepatocrinin
42The humoral factor's that inhibit gastric secretion are:
- AGastrin, histamme, acetylcholine, cholecystokinin-pancreozinin, bombesin, motilin
- BSecretin, cholecystokinin-pancreozimin, somatostatin, catecholamines
- CGIP, secretin, cholecystokinin-pancreozimin, VIP, enterogastrone
- DEnkephalines, endorphines, angiotensinogens
- ECorticoglomerolotropin, prolactin, substance P
43Which humoral factors stimulate gastric secretion:
- ASecretin, cholecystokinin-somatostatin
- BSecretin, cholecystokinin-pancreozimin, histamine, acetylcholine, bombesin,motilin, meat and vegetable extracts
- CVIP, somatostatin, GIP, cholecystokinin-pancrcosimin
- DCorticoglomerulotropin, prolactin, substance P
- EGastrin, histamine, secretin
44The physiological effect of gastrin on gastric secretion is:
- Aincreased amount of gastric juice of low acidity and high proteolytic activity
- Bto decrease the amount of gastric juice
- Cdecreased amount of gastric juice of high acidity and low proteolytic activity
- Dincreased amount of gastric juice of high acidity and low proteolytic activity
45The physiological effect of histamine on gastric secretion is:
- Aincreased amount of gastric juice of high acidity and low proteolytic activity
- Bto decrease the amount of the gastric juice
- Cincreased amount of gastric juice of low acidity and high proteolytic activity
- Dincreased amount of gastric juice of high acidity and high proteolytic activity
46The humoral factors that stimulate the formation and secretion of bile are:
- Aangiotensin, thyroxine, somatostatin
- Bglucagon, calcitonin, VIP
- Csecretin, gastrin, cholecystokinin-pancreozimin, bile salts
- Dcatecholamines, glucagon, calcitonin, VIP
- Ealkaline and acid phosphatase
47The humoral factors that inhibit the formation and secretion of bile are:
- Asecretin, gastrin, cholecystokinin-pancreozimin, acetylcholine
- Bcatecholamines, no
- Calkaline and acid phosphatase
- Dangiotensin, tiroxin, somatostatin
- Einsulin, glucagon, cathecholamines, growth hormone, glucocorticoids, thyroid hormones
48The humoral factors that stimulate the secretion of pancreatic juice are:
- Aglucagon, calcitonin, somatostatin
- Btripsin, amilase, lipase
- Csecretin, cholecystokinin-pancreozimin, gastrin, serotonin, VlP, insulin
- Dsomatostatin, GIP
- Eglucagon, insulin, catecholamines, growth hormone, glucocorticoids, thyroid hormones
49The carbohydrates are absorbed as:
- Amono- and disaccharides
- Bglucose and glycogen
- Cmonosaccharides - pentoses and hexoses
- Dglucosamines
- Eglucose, glycogen, glucosamine
50The hormones regulating carbohydrate metabolism (synthesis, catabolism) are:
- Aandrogenes, estrogenes, progesteron, adrenoglomerulotropin
- Binsulin, glucagon, catecholamines, growth hormone, glucocorticoids (ACTH), T3 and T4 (TTH)
- Csomatostatin, bombesin, gastrin, histanime, kinins
- Dglucagon, calcitonin, somatostatin, calecholamines, serotonin
- Ecatecholamines, glucagon, dehydroepiandroserone, somatotropin
51The hormones that increase significantly the basic metabolic rate are:
- AInsulin and glucocorticoids
- BGlucagon and parathyroid hormone
- CTestosterone and estrogens
- DT3, T4, catecholamines and glucocorticoids
- EInsulin and growth hormone
52Glucose enters the blood stream via:
- Aabsorption in the mouth
- Bgluconeogenesis in the skeletal muscles
- Centerocytes' absorption, liver glycogen catabolism, hepatocytes and kidneys gluconeogenesis, renal proximal tubule
epitheliocytes - Ddegradation of glycogen in the skeletal muscles
- Eglucogenolisis in the hepatocytes
53The basal metabolic rate is the energy consumption of the body under the following conditions:
- Aadequate intake of vitamins regulating the intermediate processes of metabolism of the various substances
- Bnormal function of the endocrine glands
- Cphysical and psychic rest, 12 hours after the last meal in a room at a temperature of 20-22°C
- Dduring physical activity
- Eduring sleep, pregnancy or lactation
54The chief cells of the stomach glands secrete:
- Aenzymes
- Bhydrochloric acid
- Cmucus
- Dgastrointestinal hormones
- Eautonomously active substances
55The humoral and pharmacological factors inhibiting salivary secretion are:
- Acatecholamines
- Bcholinolytics
- Cadrenominetics
- Dcatecholamines, cholinolytics, adrenomimetics
- Eadrenolytics and cholinomimetics
56Humoral factors taking part in the calcium/phosphorus homeostasis are:
- Aparathyroid hormone and thyroxin
- Bparathyroid hormone, thyrocalcitonin and vitamin D3
- Cthyrocalcitonin and epinephrine
- Dthyrocalcitonin and aldosteron
- Eantidiuretic hormone, androgens and angiotensin II
57The body requires amino acids to:
- Aproduce new red blood cells
- Bproduce new protein
- Creplace damaged red blood cells
- Dreplace damaged protein
- Eb and d
58Which of the following will catalyze the breakdown of starches?
- Aprotease
- Bamylase
- Clipase
- Dsucrase
- Epeptidase
59Which molecule represents the storage form of glucose in the liver?
- Aglycogen
- Bglucagon
- Cdisaccharide
- Dlactic acid
- Ecarbonic acid
60As far as bile is considered:
- Acontains enzymes required for the digestion of fat
- Bcontains unconjugated bilirubin
- Cbile salts make cholesterol more water-soluble
- Dpigments contain iron
- Ebecomes more alkaline during storage in the gallbladder
61Saliva:
- Afrom different salivary glands has a similar composition
- Bcontains enzymes essential for the digestion of proteins
- Chas less than half the ionic calcium level of plasma
- Dhas more than twice the iodide level of plasma
- Ehas a pH between 5 and 6
62Swallowing is a reflex which:
- Ahas its reflex centres in the cervical segments of the spinal cord
- Bis initiated by a voluntary act and includes inhibition of respiration
- Chas its reflex centres in the thoracic segments of the spinal cord
- Dis not dependent on intrinsic nerve networks in the esophagus
- Eis more effective when the person is lying down rather than when standing
63Appetite for food is increased:
- Aby the secretion of cholecystokinin
- Bby the secretion of calcitonin
- Cwhen the stomach is distended
- Dthe stomach is denervated
- Ethe environment is cold
64Secretion of saliva increases when;
- Aatropine is applied
- Bthe month is flushed with fluids with a pH of about 7
- Cthe subject thinks of unappetizing food
- Depinephrine is applied
- Ethe saliva glands parasympathetic nerve supply is stimulated
65Defecation is a reflex action:
- Athat is coordinated by reflex centres in the sacral cord
- Bwhose afferent limb carries impulses from stretch receptors in the colon
- Cwhose efferent limb travels mainly in sympathetic autonomic nerves
- Dwhich is more likely to be initiated just before a meal than just after it
- Ewhich can be unvoluntarily inhibited or facilitated
66In the stomach:
- ApH rarely falls below 4.0
- Bpepsinogen is converted to pepsin by hydrochloric acid
- Cferrous iron is reduced to ferric iron by hydrochloric acid
- Dacid secretion is inhibited by pentagastrin
- Ethere is a rise in the bacterial count after histamine H1 receptor blockade
67Intestinal juice contain:
- Apotassium in a concentration similar to that in extracellular fluid
- Benzymes that are released when the vagus nerve is inhibited
- Cenzymes that hydrolyze disaccharides
- Denzymes that hydrolyze monosaccharides
- Eenzymes that suppress pancreatic proteolyic enzymes
68Pancreatic secretion:
- Ain response to vagal stimulation is copious, rich in bicarbonate but poor in enzymes
- Bin response to acid in the duodenum is scanty but rich in enzymes
- Cto response to secretin secretion is low in bicarbonate
- Dcontains enzymes that digest neutral fat to glycerol and fatty acids
- Econtains enzymes that convert disaccharides to monosaccharides
69The liver is the principal site for:
- Asynthesis of plasma albumin
- Bsynthesis of plasma globulins
- Csynthesis of vitamin B12
- Dstorage of vitamin C
- Eactivation of some polypeptide hormones
70The gastric juice:
- Ais secreted when the vagus nerves are stimulated
- Bis secreted in vagotomized animals when food IS chewed but not swallowed
- Cactivates the digestive enzymes secreted with saliva
- Ddigests the gastric mucosa because it is not protected by a pepsin inactivator
- Edoes not imitate the oesophageal mucosa if regurgitated from the stomach
71The respiratory quotient:
- Ais the volume of 02 consumed to the volume of CO2 produced ratio
- Bdepends essentially on the type of substrate being metabolized and is 1.0 when the substrate is glucose
- Cis 1.0 in conditions of metabolic alcalosis
- Dis between 0.9 and 1.0 in the second week of fasting
- Eis above 0.8 if fats are mainly metabolized
72Oxygen consumption tends to increase when the:
- Aconcentration of oxygen in inspired air rises
- Bmetabolic rate falls
- Cbody temperature rises and environmental temperature falls
- Denvironmental temperature increases
- Ebefore a meal is ingested
73Brown fat is:
- Arelatively more abundant in adults than in infants
- Bricher in mitochondria than ordinary fat and has an extensive sympathetic innervation
- Cproduces less heat and more ATP than other tissues
- Dstimulated to generate more but when its parasympathetic nerve supply is stimulated
- Eless important than shivering in neonatal thermoregulation
74Nitrogen balance:
- Ais the relationship between the body's nitrogen intake and nitrogen loss
- Bis usually negative in childhood
- Cbecomes more positive when dietary protein is decreased
- Dbecomes positive whenever a single essential amino acid is omitted from the diet
- Ebecomes less negative in the final stages of fatal starvation
75The normally innervated stomach:
- Ais stimulated to secrete gastric juice when food is chewed, even if it is not swallowed
- Bsecrete HCL when its H1- histamine receptors are blocked
- Cincreases gastric secretion when there are fear and depression
- Dempties slower than the denervated stomach
- Eis stimulated to secrete gastric juice by the hormone secretin
76The passage of acidic gastric contents to the duodenum may cause:
- Acopious secretion of pancreatic juice rich in bicarbonate
- Bincreased gastric motility
- Crelaxation of the gallbladder
- Dcontraction of the sphincter of Oddi
- Einhibition of pancreozymin secretion
77Bile salts:
- Aderived from cholesterol, are the only constituents of bile necessary for digestion
- Bhave a characteristic molecule, being water-soluble
- Care reabsorbed mainly in the upper small intestine
- Dincrease surface tension
- Eare absorbed in the colon
78The specific dynamic action of food:
- Ais the decrease in metabolic rate that results from ingestion of food
- Bpersists for about an bout after a meal is ingested
- Cis due to the additional energy expended in digesting and absorbing the food
- Dresults in about 30 per cent of the may value of ingested protein being unavailable for other purposes
- Eresults in about 20 per cent of the energy value of ingested fat and carbohydrate being unavailable for other purposes
79Secretion of gastric juice:
- Adecreases when food stimulates mucosal cells in the pyloric region
- Bis associated with a decrease in the pH of venous blood during the stomach
- Cin response to food is increased after vagotomy
- Dis essential for carbohydrate digestion
- Eis essential for absorption of vitamin B12
80In the small intestine:
- Athe enzyme concentration in intestinal juice is higher in the ileum than in the jejunum
- Bvitamin B12 is absorbed mainly in the jejunum
- Cwater absorption is independent on the active absorption of sodium and glucose
- Dabsorption of calcium occurs mainly in the terminal ileum
- Eglucose absorption is dependent on sodium absorption
81The cells of the liver:
- Ahelp to maintain the normal blood glucose level
- Bdeaminate amino acids to form NH4+ which is excreted as ammonium salts in the urine
- Csynthesize Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol)
- Dmanufacture most of the immune globulins
- Eactivate steroid hormones manufactured in the gonads
82Absorption of dietary fat:
- Acan only occur after the neutral fat has been split into glycerol and fatty acids
- Bdoes not depend on their size
- Cis impaired when bile salt reabsorption is prevented by resection of the terminal ileum
- Dis carried out by passive diffusion
- Eis greatest in the lower parts of the small intestine
83One gram of:
- Acarbohydrate, metabolized in the body, yields more energy when oxidized in a bomb calorimeter
- Bfat, metabolized in the body, yields no per cent more energy than 1g of carbohydrate
- Cprotein, metabolized in the body, yields the same energy as when oxidized in a bomb calorimeter
- Dcarbohydrate, metabolized in the body, yields about the same energy as 1g of protein
- Eprotein per kg body weight is not the adequate daily protein intake for a sedentary adult
84Cholesterol:
- Acan be absorbed from the gut by intestinal lymphatics following its incorporation into chylomicrons
- Bcan be synthesized in the spleen
- Cin the diet comes mainly from vegetable sources
- Dis eliminated from the body mainly by metabolic degradation
- Eis a precursor of adrenal medulla hormones
85Free (non-esterified) fatty acids in plasma:
- Aare provided to fat cells and other tissues by chylomicrons and VLDL
- Bare bound to albumins
- Cdecrease when the level of blood adrenaline rises
- Dcan be metabolized to release energy in smooth muscle
- Eare not synthesized in the fat depots where they are stored
86lmpaired intestinal absorption of:
- Airon occurs frequently following removal of most of the stomach
- Biodine leads to a reduction in size of the thyroid gland
- Cwater occurs in infants who cannot digest lipids
- Dcalcium may occur following removal of the terminal ileum
- Ebile salts may occur following resection of the stomach
87Peptic ulcer pain is typically relieved by:
- Araising the pH of the fluid bathing the ulcer and a drug blocking the gastric proton pump
- Ba drug decreasing the pH
- CH2 stimulators
- Da drug which interferes with the action of acetylcholinesterase
- Ea drug which stimulates the gastric proton pump
88Fat stores In the adult:
- Amake up less than 5% of average body weight
- Bmake up a smaller percentage of body weight in women than in men
- Crelease fatty acids when there is increased sympathetic nerve activity
- Drelease fatty acids when insulin is injected
- Eenlarge by increasing the number of adipocytes they contain
89Metabolic rate can be estimated from measurements of:
- Atotal heat loss
- Bthe calorific value of the food consumed m the previous 24 hour
- Coxygen consumption and the respiratory quotient
- Dcarbon dioxide production and the respiratory quotient
- Ec and d
90Complications that may arise after total gastrectomy include
- Adepletion of vitamin B12 stores in the liver
- Bmalabsorption of fat due to rapid intestinal transit
- Cimpaired defaecation due to loss of the gastrocolic reflex
- Dinability to digest protein
- Ea and b
91Severe diarrhoea causes a decrease in:
- Abody potassium
- Bantidiuretic hormone level
- Cextracellular fluid volume
- Dtotal vascular peripheral resistance
- Ea and b
92Urobilinogen is:
- Aa mixture of colourless compounds also known as stercobilinogen
- Bformed in the reticuloendothelial system from bilirubin
- Cabsorbed from the intestine
- Dexcreted mainly in the urine
- Ea and c
93Surgical removal of 90 % of the small intestine may cause a decrease in:
- Athe fat content of the stools
- Bbone mineralization (osteomalacia)
- Cextracellular fluid volume
- Dblood haemoglobin level
- Ebody weight
94Lack of pancreatic juice in the duodenum may lead to:
- Athe presence of undigested meat fibres in the stools
- Ban increase in the fat content of the films
- Ca decrease in the fat of the faeces
- Da high prothrombin level in blood
- Ea and b
95Gastric:
- Aacid secretion in response to a lowered blood gugar is mediated by the hormone gastrin
- Bemptying is facilitated by sympathetic nerve activity
- Cacid secretion increases when histamine H2 , muscarinic M1 or gastrin receptors are activated
- Dacid secretion is inhibited by the presence of food In the duodenum
- Ec and d
96Constipation is a recognized consequence of:
- Apsychological stress
- Babnormality of the autonomic nerve supply to the esophagus
- Ca diet that leaves little unabsorbed residue in the gut
- Dover-activity of the thyroid gland as in thyrotoxicosis
- Ea and c
97Absorption of glucose by intestinal mucosal cells:
- Arelies on a carrier mechanism in the cell membrane
- Bis blocked not by the same agents that block renal reabsorption of glucose
- Cis enhanced by blockade of active sodium transport in the cells
- Dtakes place mainly in the ileum
- Edoes not involve the same carriers that are used for the absorption of galactose
98Muscle tone in the lower oesophagus is:
- Alower than tone in the middle oesophagus
- Ba major factor in preventing heartburn
- Cincreased in pregnancy
- Ddecreased by gastrin
- Eincreased by anticholinergic drugs
99Which of the following are incorrectly paired:
- Apancreatic alpha amylase-starch
- Belastase-tissue rich in elastin
- Crenin-coagulated milk
- Denteropeptidase-trypsinogen
- Ephospholipase A2-phospholipids
100All are GIT hormones except:
- Acholecystokinin
- Bgastrin
- Csecretin
- Derythropoietin
- Esomatosmin
101Iron Is absorbed in:
- Astomach
- Bduodenum
- Cjejunum
- Dileum
- Ecolon
102in infants, defecation often follows a meal. The cause of colonic contractions in this situation is:
- Agastro-ileal reflex
- Bincreased circulating levels of CCK
- Cgastrocolic reflex
- Denterogastric reflex
- Edecreased circulating levels of gastrin
103Which of the following has the highest pH:
- Agastric juice
- Bpancreatic juice
- Cbile in GB
- Dsecretions of intestinal glands
- Esaliva
104Man is unable to digest:
- Adextrin
- Bglucose
- Ccellulose
- Dglycogen
- Emaltose
105Steatorrhoea may be cooled by all factors except:
- Apancreatectomy
- Bgastrin secreting tumor
- Cresection of distal ileum
- Dhemolytic jaundice
- Eincreascd amount of fat in the stools
106Normal swallowing is dependent on the integrity of the:
- A9 and 10 cranial nerves
- Bpyramidal tract
- Ctrigeminal nerve
- Dappetite center of hypothalamus
- Eneurons, secreting VIP
107Secretion of the intrinsic factor occurs in
- Aparietal cells of the stomach
- Bchief cells of the stomach
- Cupper abdomen
- Dalpha cells of pancreas
- Ecells of the parotid gland
108In which of the following is absorption of water greatest:
- Acolon
- Bjejunum
- Cduodenum
- Dstomach
- Emouth
109Secretin is released by:
- Aacid in duodenum
- Bacid in stomach
- Ccells in the liver
- Ddistention of colon
- Egallbladder
110Vit D is essential for normal:
- AFat absorption
- BCa absorption
- CADH secretion
- DProtein absorption
- EGlucose absorption
111Gastrin secretion is increased by:
- Aacid in the lumen of stomach
- Bcalcitonin
- Csecretin
- Dvagal discharge
- Ea and b
112Saliva is responsible for all except:
- Adeglutition
- Bdental cares prevention
- Ccomplete digestion of proteins
- Dthe concentration of iodine
- Emaintaining the oral pH at about 7.0
113Carbonic anhydrase has a role to play in the formation of:
- AHCL by the parietal cells of the stomach
- Bcarbaminhaemoglobin
- Ccerebrospinal fluid in the choroid plexuses
- Dbile salts
- Ea and b
Informações
- Descrição
- The Gastrointestinal System- Physiology- PMU
- Autor
- Med Student
- Idioma
- English
- Visualizações
- 1.107
- Etiquetas
- Avaliação
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