Present Perfect

Present Perfect: The Bridge

• 
• Present Perfect
• is the bridge
• between
• ​​​​​​​PAST & PRESENT

Present Perfect: Key Time Words

• 
• since 2002
• for ten years
• Have you ever ...?
• I have never ...
• already / yet / just

How to form Present Perfect Positive

• I have
• you have
• he /she has + (3rd form)
• it has
• we have
• they have
• I have lived here for 10 years.
• You have taught English since 2000.
• He has worked here for 10 years.
• It has helped us many times.
• We have written a lot of manuals.
• They have seen all of his movies.

How to form Present Perfect Negative

• I have not
• you have not
• he /she has not + (3rd form)
• it has not
• we have not
• they have not
• I have not worked here long.
• You have not seen our new place.
• She has not written any articles.
• It has not changed for a long time.
• We have not eaten here before.
• They have not spent much money.

How to form Present Perfect Questions

• Have I
• Have you
• Has he/she + (3rd form) ...?
• Has it
• Have we
• Have they
• How long have I worked here?
• How long have you lived here?
• How long has he studied English?
• How long has it been?
• How long have we prepared?
• How long have they known her?

Present Perfect: How long?

• 1. Situations that started in the past and continue up to now.
• How long has she worked here?
• She has worked here for 9 years.
• (She started working here 9 years ago and she still works here.)
• He has worked here since 2011.
• (He started working here in 2011 and he still works here.)

Present Perfect: Have you ever...?

• 2. We use Present Perfect to talk about our life experiences: Have you ever? = Have you had this experience in your life?
• Have you ever eaten snails? No, I haven't!
• Have you ever bungee-jumped? Yes, I have!
• Has he ever been to Asia? Yes, he has.
• Has she ever written a book? No, she hasn't.
• We have never been to Africa, but we have been to Australia.

Present Perfect: How many?

• 2. We use Present Perfect to talk about our life experiences and to tell how many times things have happened in our life.
• How many times have you been to Sweden?
• I have been to Sweden many times. (many times in my life up to now)
• He has never been to Sweden. (never in his life up to now)
• How many books has she written?
• She has written seven books. (7 books in her life up to now)

Present Perfect: What has happened?

• 3. Something that happened not long ago and it is important now.*
• NEWS: I've passed my exam! (it happened not long ago and you can congratulate me now!)
• The Queen has made a speech. (it happened not long ago and we are interested in it now)
• I've cut my finger! (it happened not long ago and now I need a bandage!)
• * NOTE: This is British English. Americans usually use Past Simple here:
• I passed my exam. The President made a speech. I cut my finger.

Past Simple or Present Perfect?

• Use Past Simple when you talk about a finished time in the past:
• yesterday, last summer, two years ago, when I was a child
• I visited my grandmother yesterday. We went to Spain last summer.
• Use Present Perfect when you talk about unfinished time (up to now):
• since 2019, for 10 years (up to now), ever, never, all my life
• He has lived in Tallinn all his life. She has never been to Helsinki.