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Flashcards

Behavior Modification

Yvi Beck Diagnostik Alemão 36 flashcards

Flashcards do conjunto (36)

  1. 1Def of behaviorAnything a person says or does
  2. 2Overt behaviors Covert behaviorsOvert behaviors those we can see
    Covert behaviors those that are private or hidden from others
  3. 3Behavior deficitstoo little of a behavior is occurring
  4. 4Behavior excessestoo much of a behavior is occurring
  5. 5Characteristics of behavior modification1. strong emphasis on defining problems in terms of behavior that can be measured in some way.
    2. treatment procedures are ways of altering and individuals environment
    3. methood and rationales can be described precisely
    4. techniques are often applied in everyday life
    5. emphasize scientific demonstration that an intervention was responsible for a behavior
    6. large value on accountability for everyone is involved
  6. 6stimuliare people, objects and events that make up a person's environment
  7. 7Behavioral Assessmentinvolves the collection and analysis of information and data which will help us:
    identify & describe target behaviors, identify causes of behavior, guide us to choose an appropriate behavioral treatment & evaluate treatment outcomes
  8. 8Applied behavior analystsomeone who has had considerable formal training in applied behavior analyses
  9. 9- Behavior therapistsomeone who has had considerable formal training in the application of behavior therapy or cognitive behavior therapy for treating psychological disorders
  10. 10- Behavior modifier / manageranyone who tries to improve someone’s behavior
  11. 11areas of application1. parenting & child management
    2. behavior mod in education
    3. severe problems and bmod (autism, schizophrenia)
    4. Clinical behavior therapy
    5. Self-Management of personal problems
    6. behavioral medicine -> health psychology
    7. Gerontology
    8. Behavioral community psych
    9. business industry & government
    10. sport psychology
    11. behavior mod with culturally diverse individuals
  12. 12I. Positive Reinforceris an event that when presented immediately following a behavior causes the behavior to increase in frequency. (e.g. parent smiling at you “nice job”) !!!
  13. 13II. Positive Reinforcementapplying rewards in a situation to increase the likelihood that the behavior will occur again in the same situation.!!! (system / process)
  14. 14III. Operant behaviors (=instrumental)are behaviors that operate on the environment to generate consequences and are influenced by those consequences.
    A. Operant behaviors that are followed by reinforcers are strengthened, but those that are followed by punishment are weakened.
  15. 15c. Positive reinforcersconsumable, activity (TV, book), manipulative (toy, color, bicycle), possessional (sit in one’s favorite chair, wear a favorite shirt) social (pats, hugs, praise)
  16. 16d. Negative reinforcementremoval of certain stimuli immediately after the occurrence of a response will increase the likelihood of that response (~ would be removing something from the environment that increases the likelihood that the behavior will occur again ex. nagging mother stops nagging if the dishes are done)
    . negative reinforcement increases behavior, punishment decreases behavior
  17. 17c. Satiationrefers to the child becoming saturated with the reinforcer because they have received the reinforcement so much that it is no longer reinforcing
  18. 18Establishing Operationsare conditions such as deprivation or satiation that alter the frequency of behavior reinforced by that reinforcer /
    alter the frequency of the behavior
  19. 19indirect-acting effect:strengthening of a response that is followed by a reinforcer (delayed reinforcers work with instruction -> bridge the gap between behavior and reinforcer by thinking about the reinforcer)
  20. 20direct-actingimmediate reinforcing
  21. 21Contingent versus Noncontingent ReinforcementA specific behavior must occur before a reinforcer will be given -> the reinforcer is contingent upon that behavior
    b. If a reinforcer is presented at a particular time regardless of the preceding behavior we say the behavior is noncontingent
  22. 22accidental contingencyleads to superstitious behavior
  23. 23Natural reinforcersun-programmed reinforcers that occur naturally throughout the day i.e. turning on a light switch is reinforced by the illumination of the room, eating is reinforced by the taste of food
  24. 24How to Effectively Implement Positive Reinforcementa. Select the behavior to be increased
    b. Complete a reinforcement assessment
    c. Apply positive reinforcement
    d. Wean the child from the program
  25. 25- Unconditioned Reinforcersstimuli that are reinforcing without being conditioned. Also called Primary or Unlearned reinforcers ex. Food for a hungry person
  26. 26- Conditioned Reinforcersstimuli not originally reinforcing become reinforcing when associated with other reinforcers conditioning is needed to establish them as reinforcement, ex. Praise, toys
    o !!! what’s a generalize reinforcement we all use (MONEY)
  27. 27tokensa conditioned reinforcement that is accumulated and exchanged for backup reinforcement
  28. 28token systembehavior mod system where people can earn tokens for behavior then cash them in for a backup reinforcer
  29. 29stimulisomething that can not be accumulated but can be considered conditioned reinforcement (ex mom smiling at her child for a job well done)
  30. 30Back-up reinforcersWhen a stimulus becomes a reinforcer through association with other reinforcers (every couple weeks / 3 weeks). (random amount of) tokens to get the back-up. The kids don’t know when the reinforcer comes, so they act good the whole time. At first you tell them how many until they get the reinforcer (that they get on track, understand it’s really happening). After a while you tell them that it can appear now at any time (randomized).
  31. 31- Conditioned punishmentA stimulus paired with a punishment becomes punishing itself ex. “no” demerit system used in the military is an example of conditioned punishment. Can become a positive reinforcement if the kids love the negative attention.
  32. 32Factors Influencing the effectiveness of conditioned reinforcement1. strength of back-up reinforocers (simple conditioned, generalized conditioned)
    2. schedule of pairing back-up reinforcers
    3. extinction of conditioned reinforcer
  33. 33 Simple conditioned reinforceris one that is paired with a single back-up reinforcer ex. ice-cream truck
  34. 34 Generalized conditioned reinforcerstimulus paired with so many different back-up reinforcers ex. money
  35. 35How to Use Conditioned Reinf right- Use a stimulus that can be applied and managed easily
    - Use the conditioned reinforcers the individuals will see in his/her environment
    - To establish a conditioned reinforcer early n, back-up reinforcement be given as quickly as possible after the presentation of the conditioned reinforcer later it can be delayed more
    - Use many different types of backup reinforcers not just one
    - Don’t make an issue out of who is winning more reinforcement
    - Look at the schedule frequently to make sure your reinforcers are motivating and occurring frequently enough
  36. 36—

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Diagnostik FlashCards sobre Behavior Modification, criado por Yvi Beck em 18-09-2019.
Criado por
Yvi Beck
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