Flashcards
Key terms for Russian Revolution
Flashcards do conjunto (36)
- 1MarxismIdea of the Marxist cycle. Invented by Karl Marx in which the concept of class struggle plays a central role in understanding society's allegedly inevitable development from bourgeois oppression under capitalism to a socialist and ultimately classless society.
- 2Marxist-LeninismLenin's adaption of Marxism - skip capitalist stage and go to socialism.
- 3PeasantAgricultural workers.
- 4IntelligentsiaIntellectuals e.g doctors, lawyers, teachers
- 5DumaRussian parliament set up by the Tsar.
- 6NobilityUpper class.
- 7BourgeoisieMarxist term for the middle class - they own the means of production and exploit the working class.
- 8ClergyReligious figures
- 9SovietA Workers' Council. The largest was Petrograd. Evolved into a system of Government - shared power with the Provisional Government. Workers and soldiers supported it and Socialist Politicians joined it.
- 10ConscriptionForcing people to join military forces
- 11LiberalismWho?: Made up of the middle class and nobility.
Supporters: middle class and nobility.
Power base: Work in the Provisional Government.
Beliefs: Want equality and social democracy.
Members of the Duma at first. - 12CapitalismProperty is owned by INDIVIDUALS.
Means of production owned by BUSINESSMEN.
Idea of 'free market' - sell something for a price you believe people will pay. - 13SocialismProperty is owned by the STATE.
WORKERS own the means of production.
Goods and services produced for the needs of the people, not profit. - 14CommunismProperty is owned by EVERYONE.
Means of production are COMMONLY OWNED.
No state government. No national borders.
(Advanced form of socialism) - 15Marxist cycle1. Feudalism - absolute monarchy
2. Middle class (bourgeoisie) revolution
3. Capitalist period (leads to inequality for workers)
-- Socialist revolution --
4. Socialism
5. Communism - 16BolsheviksWhat?: small party
Who?: professional revolutionaries, middle class
Supporters?: the working class
Beliefs: Marxism
Aims: wanted revolution immediately in Power base: Petrograd Soviet - 17MensheviksWhat?: Large party with anyone/everyone
Who?: middle class, workers and social minorities
Supporters: workers
Beliefs: Marxism
Aim: wanted to follow the Marxist cycle and wait for revolution
Power base: founded the Soviets and joined Provisional Government in 1917 - 18Socialist RevolutionariesWho?: Party of middle class
Supporters?: peasants
What?: gave land to peasants
Beliefs: socialism
Power base: Soviet at first but Kerensky was SR so became part of Provisional Government - 19Petrograd SovietRepresented the WORKING CLASS.
Who?: made up of workers, Mensheviks and Socialist Revolutionaries
What?: partake in strike action, democratic organisation
Had POWER. - 20Petrograd Soviet (aims)- Order 1 FORBID members from obeying orders from the Prov. Govt. unless agreed by the Soviet.
- The executive committee was made up of members of all main socialist parties.
- Shot down most things the Provisional Government attempted to do. - 21Provisional GovernmentRepresents middle and upper class.
Who?: Made up of Intelligentsia, liberals and socialists
What?: made the laws
Ideas: CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY - how Russia would be governed by election
Had AUTHORITY. - 22Provisional Government (continued)- created by the Duma in place of the Tsar (not elected)
- contained mainly liberals (Kadets)
- liberals replaced by socialists - led by Alexander Kerensky
- goal was to keep country running while there was a constituent assembly. - 23Constituent AssemblyNational election which decides how the country is to be run by an election.
- 24Aims of Provisional Government1. Forgive everyone for all crimes committed.
2. Freedom of speech, press, and able to form unions and strike. Political freedom for armed forces.
3. Equality - class, religion, nationality.
4. Constituent assembly - direct suffrage to determine form of Government. - 25Aims of Provisional Government (continued)5. People's militia for the police - elected officers responsible for local governments/ areas.
6. Elections for local governments.
7. Military troops involved in revolution are forgiven.
8. Soldiers freed from all restrictions in regards to civil rights. - 26Imperialism (Highest state of Capitalism.)- claimed capitalism was a bankrupt system bound to collapse in series of wars between capitalist countries over resources/territory
- civil war and class conflict would cause socialist revolution
- start in relatively undeveloped country and spread to industrialised countries - 27RussifficationThis meant that non-Russians of the Russian empire had to adopt Russian customs and language at the time (dress, act, speak and look like Russians)
- 28April Theses Summary1. Pull out of the war
2. Soviets to take power
3. No cooperation with Prov Govt.
4. Giving land to the peasants.
5. Worldwide revolution of the Proleteriat.
"PEACE BREAD LAND"
"ALL POWER TO THE SOVIETS" - 29AutocracyA system of government where power rests with one supreme leader. i.e the Tsar
- 301905 RevolutionA popular revolution in Russia - caused by various factors including lack of freedoms, starvation and poor working conditions.
- 31Alexander KerenskySocialist Revolutionary. Leader of the Provisional Government. Made several mistakes leading up to the Bolshevik take over.
- 32LeninLeader of the Bolshevik party. Believed in Marxism but wanted to force the revolution and lead the country.
- 33ProleteriatMarxist term for the industrial working class. They sell their labour to the Bourgeoisie and exploit them for profit.
- 34Means of productionFactories, mills, shops - anything which produces a product, whether that product is physical or mental (ideas)
- 35PetrogradCapital of Russia in 1914 - also known as St Petersburg and later Leningrad.
- 36Order Number 1Order passed by the Petrograd Soviet. It stated that the Soviet would allow its members to follow orders from the Provisional Government UNLESS the Soviet disagreed with that order. Gave real power to the Soviets.
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- Collection of key terms to memorise for the Russian revolution topic.
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- eleanor.faye99
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