Flashcards
sampling and questionnaires
Flashcards do conjunto (39)
- 1what is the survey population?anyone who has the right characteristics to take part
- 2what is a representative sample?must be an accurate cross section of the survey population this means they can be generalised
- 3what is a sampling frame?- a list of members of the total population of interest
-e.g school register - 4what is selective bias?where the researcher should not choose the participants because they will pick the most desirable participants
- 5what is a random sample?-equal chance of being selected
-need a sample frame
e.g drawing names from a hat - 6what are the advantages of using RS?-quick
-easy
-cheap
-equal chance - 7what are the disadvantages of RS?-not representative can't generalise
-unreliable
-need a sample frame - 8what is systematic sampling?-choosing participants at fixed intervals e.g every tenth person
- 9what are the advantages of SS?-quick
-easy
-cheap
-prevents selective bias - 10what are disadvantages of SS?-not representative- can't generalise
-need a sample frame
-not equal - 11what is stratified sampling?-when the population is large but the sample is small
-sample is subdivided into smaller sample frames
-sample is drawn according to the proportions in the population - 12what are the advantages?-representative
-equal chance
-removes selective bias
-smaller sampling errors - 13what are disadvantages of stratified sampling?-time consuming
-need to know proportions
-expensive - 14what is a quota sample?- break down of population according to strata and calculating the number of individuals needed
-pick people the know will help them achieve the requirements - 15advantages of QS?-no sample frame needed
-representative because it is divided up - 16what are the disadvantages of QS?-selective bias
-choice is limited
-time consuming
-not representative due to selective bias - 17what is cluster sampling?-usually done when the population is over a wide geographical area
-divided up - 18what is snowball sampling?-one sample goes info about other participants
-doesn't try to be representative
-asks for further contacts - 19what are the advantages of snowball sampling?-quick/easy
-no sample frame
-qualitative data
-only relevant participants - 20what are the disadvantages of snowball sampling?-not representative
-could be unreliable
-no equal chance
-cant generalise due to small sample - 21what are the two types of bias involved in snowball sampling?-self selection
-researcher selection - 22what is self selection?-p interested in subject area
-offered an incentive to take part
-have the time - 23what is researcher selection?-avoid 'freaks' occurring
- the greater variety of characteristics in the population the better - 24what are the two sections of questionnaires?-types of questions
-types of distribution - 25what are the three types of question you can have?-open
-closed
-graded - 26what are the two types of distribution?-postal
-face to face - 27what are open questions?participants can answer however they want usually used for more personal in-depth answers
- 28what did marten shipman say about open questions?the 'pruning and bending' of data is inevitable
- 29what are the advantages of open questions?-qualitative data-valid-interpretivists
-answers can be explained
-contains opinions and motives
-better at dealing with sensitive issues - 30what are disadvantages to open questions?-qualitative so can't be analysed
-not replicable-unreliable
-has to be interpreted
-time consuming for Ps so may not fill it out - 31what are closed questions?-Ps have a number of options
-used to generate data which is easy to analyse - 32where did michael rutter use closed questions?-12 inner london schools
- 33what are postal questionnaires?-a questionnaire the P fills in without help from the researcher
- 34why are postal questionnaires a good thing for positivists?they maintain detachment and objectivity
- 35what are advantages of postal Qs?-easy/quick/cheap
-more honest
-covers a wide geographical area
-representative-analysis-positivists
-replicable
-all Ps have the same experience - 36what are disadvantages of postal Qs?-Ps could lie/ not fill in
-could not understand
-can't observe body language
-biased response rate- who is going to fill it out
-low response rate - 37what are face to face questionnaires?-researcher asks Qs to P and they record them
- 38what are the advantages?-eliminates biased response
-can read body language
-there is someone there to help
-researcher knows who did it
-high response rate
-high validity
-ps don't need to be literate and numerate - 39what are the disadvantages?-not very quick and easy
-researcher requires-cost
-doesn't cover a large geographical area
-researcher can lead respondent
-hawthorne effect
-different experiences
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- AS - Level Sociology (research methods) FlashCards sobre sampling and questionnaires, criado por Truely Costen em 08-03-2016.
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- Truely Costen
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