Flashcards
Crude Oils and others quiz
Flashcards do conjunto (71)
- 1Why is crude oil a mixture?CONTAINS MANY HYDROCARBONS WHICH ARE NOT CHEMICALLY BONDED
- 2What process is used to separate crude oilFRACTIONAL DISTILLATION
- 3What is different about the compounds in the mixture which allow it to be separated in this way?THEY HAVE DIFFERENT BOILING POINTS
- 4Explain Fractional Distillation of Crude OilCRUDE OIL IS EVAPORATED AT THE BASE OF THE COLUMN
THE VAPOUR RISES AND CONDENSES AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES
THE CONDENSED OIL IS LET OUT AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF THE COLUMN - 5Trends of crude oil molecules?SHORTER MOLECULES = MORE RUNNY AND LESS VISCOUS
SHORTER MOLECULES = MORE VOLATILE (EASIER TO EVAPORATE)
SHORTER MOLECULE = MORE FLAMMABLE - 6Consequences of crude oil use?OIL SPILLS CAN OCCUR WHICH CAN KILL OR AFFECT ANIMALS. BURNING OIL IS A CAUSE FOR GLOBAL WARMING, ACID RAIN AND GLOBAL DIMMING
- 7What is the general formula for alkanes?CnH2n+2
- 8What is the general formula for alkenes?CnH2n
- 9What is the difference between alkanes and alkenes?ALKANES ARE SATURATED AND ALKENES ARE UNSATURATED
ALKENES HAVE A DOUBLE BOND AND ALKANES HAVE A SINGLE BOND - 10What is a hydrocarbon?A COMPOUND WITH HYDROGEN AND CARBON ATOMS ONLY.
- 11What type of bond is between the C and H atoms in hydrocarbons?COVALENT
- 12What pollutant causes global dimming?PARTICULATES
- 13What two pollutants cause acid rain?SULPHUR DIOXIDE AND NITROGEN OXIDE
- 14Why do nitrogen and oxygen react in car engines?DUE TO HIGH TEMPERATURES THEY REACT
- 15What environmental problem is caused by carbon dioxide?GLOBAL WARMING
- 16What is produced in incomplete combustion?CARBON MONOXIDE
- 17Name a biofuelBIODIESEL OR ETHANOL
- 18How are these produced?FROM PLANT MATERIAL
- 19What is it called when long chain hydrocarbons are broken down into smaller ones?CRACKING
- 20What are the conditions used for cracking?HIGH TEMPERATURE (400 to 700oC) AND CATALYST
- 21How many bonds can carbon form?4
- 22What reagent is used to test for saturation?BROMINE WATER
- 23Are alkenes saturated or unsaturated?UNSATURATED
- 24What happens if you add bromine water to alkenes?GOES FROM ORANGE TO COLOURLESS
- 25What about if you add it to an alkane?STAYS ORANGE (NO REACTION)
- 26What is it called when small alkene monomers join to make a long chain?POLYMERISATION
- 27What must happen before the alkenes can join together?DOUBLE BOND BREAKS
- 28What does non biodegradable mean?CANNOT BE BROKEN DOWN BY MICROORGANISMS
- 29Why is this a problem for plastics?THEY TAKE UP SPACE IN LAND FILL SITES
- 30What do products are formed when sugars are fermented?ETHANOL AND CARBON DIOXIDE
- 31Give one more way of making ethanolHYDRATION OF ETHENE WITH STEAM IN THE PRESENCE OF A CATALYST
- 32Uses of polymers in industry-NEW PACKAGING MATERIALS
-WATERPROOF COATING
-WOUND DRESSINGS
-SMART MATERIALS - 33Give some features of copperGOOD CONDUCTOR OF ELECTRICITY AND HEAT
UNREACTIVE WITH WATER
USED FOR WIRING AND PLUMBING
CAN BE BENT BUT HARD ENOUGH FOR PIPES - 34What is Oxidation?ADDING OXYGEN TO A SUBSTANCE
- 35What is Reduction?LOSS OF OXYGEN FROM A SUBSTANCE
- 36What and how is used to detect CO2?LIMEWATER IS USED TO DETECT CO2 AND TURNS CLOUDY IF IT IS PRESENT
- 37What are features of a transition metal?ALLOWS HEAT AND ELECTRICITY TO PASS
- 38Name 4 alkanes-METHANE
-ETHANE
-PROPANE
-BUTANE - 39How many Carbon atoms are there in Propane?3
- 40How many Carbon atoms are there in Butane?4
- 41How many Carbon atoms are there in Methane?1
- 42How many Carbon atoms are there in Ethane?2
- 43What can crude oil be used for?CENTRAL HEATING IN HOMES, ELECTRICITY IN POWER STATIONS
- 44Advantages of using biofuelsINCREASED INCOME FOR FARMERS
LOWER FUEL PRICES - 45Disadvantages of using biofuelsREQUIRES MORE PEOPLE TO PRODUCE IT
- 46What is the polymerised version of Propene?Polypropene
- 47How is oil extracted from plants and vegetables?THEY ARE CRUSHED BY PRESSING OR DISTILLATION AND OIL IS EXTRACTED
- 48Why is oil used for cooking rather than water?OIL HAVE A HIGHER BOILING POINT AND ADDS FLAVOUR
PROVIDES ENERGY - 49How many one C=C bonds do monounsaturated fats contain?1
- 50Do polyunsaturated fats contain more than one C=C bond?YES
- 51How are unsaturated vegetable oils hydrogenated?THEY ARE REACTED WITH HYDROGEN IN THE PRESENCE OF A NICKEL CATALYST AT ABOUT 60oC
- 52How does hydrogen affect bonds in unsaturated vegetable oils?THEY BREAK OPEN THE DOUBLE BONDED CARBONS
- 53Why are vegetable oils hardened?SO THEY CAN BE USED AS SPREADS LIKE BUTTER
- 54What are some advantages of hardening vegetable oils?THEY HAVE A HIGHER MELTING POINT, ARE CHEAPER AND CAN LAST LONGER
- 55What is the disadvantage of hydrogenating vegetable oils?IT CAN LEAVE THE OIL WITH TRANSFATS WHICH ARE BAD FOR YOUR HEALTH
- 56What are emulsifiers?THEY ARE SUBSTANCES WHICH KEEP SUBSTANCES TOGETHER
- 57What are the features of an emulsifier?THEY HAVE A HYDROPHILIC HEAD (ATTRACTED TO WATER) AND A HYDROPHOBIC TAIL (ATTRACTED TO OIL)
- 58Explain how an emulsifier worksTHE HYDROPHOBIC TAIL DISSOLVES IN THE OIL AND THE HYDROPHILIC HEAD IS ATTRACTED TO THE WATER.
THIS ALLOWS THE HEAD TO LATCH ONTO THE WATER WHILE THE TAIL IS JOINED TO THE OIL CAUSING THE OIL AND WATER TO NOT SEPARATE OUT - 59Features of an emulsifier in foodPROVIDES BETTER TEXTURE
GIVES COATING ABILITY AND APPEARANCE - 60Things which have emulsifiers in them?SALAD DRESSINGS, ICE CREAM, COSMETICS AND PAINT
- 61How are convection currents produced?CAUSED BY RADIOACTIVE PROCESSES IN THE MANTLE RELEASING HEAT
- 62What was the Earth like in the first billion years?INTENSE VOLCANIC ACTIVITY
GASES FORMED FROM ERUPTIONS - 63Atmosphere in the Early atmosphere?MOSTLY CO2 AND LITTLE OXYGEN
SMALL PROPORTIONS OF WATER VAPOUR, METHANE AND AMMONIA - 64Reasons why there is little CO2 in the atmosphere today?ABSORBED BY PLANTS IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS
ABSORBED BY SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
DISSOLVED IN OCEANS - 65Explain the Miller-Urey Primordial Soup TheoryMIXTURE OF WATER, AMMONIA, METHANE AND HYDROGEN INTO A STERILE FLASK. MIXTURE IS HEATED TO PRODUCE WATER VAPOUR. ELECTRIC SPARKS PASSED THROUGH MIXTURE OF WATER VAPOUR AND GASES TO STIMULATE LIGHTNING
AFTER A WEEK, AMINO ACIDS WERE FOUND IN THE FLASK WHICH WERE SHOWN TO PRODUCE ORGANIC MATTER - 66Explain the process of fractionally distilling airAIR IS FILTERED TO REMOVE DUST
IT IS COOLED TO -200oC TO BECOME A LIQUID
WATER VAPOUR CONDENSES AND IS REMOVED
CO2 FREEZES AND IS REMOVED
LIQUIFIED AIR ENTERS THE COLUMN AND IS HEATED SLOWLY
REMAINING GASES ARE SEPARATED, OXYGEN AND ARGON COME OUT OF A SEPARATE COLUMN - 67Where do earthquakes and/ volcanic eruptions occur?BETWEEN TECTONIC PLATES
- 68What happens to hydrogen and carbon during combustion of hydrocarbons?They are oxidised
- 69What was the aim of the Miller Urey Experiment?To see if today's substances could be made in those conditions
- 703 advantages of using plastic bags made of poly etheneBags can be reused
Money charged can be used for good causes
Can be burnt for heat - 713 disadvantages of using plastic bags made of poly etheneCan take years to biodegrade
Landfill space limited
Production of polyethene releases CO2 = global warming
Informações
- Descrição
- Some questions on some of C1 for revision
- Criado por
- Dale George
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