Flashcards
The Enlightenment
Flashcards do conjunto (30)
- 1What did John Locke contribute to the Enlightenment?Said that people have natural rights to "life, liberty and property" (in Declaration of Independence).
- 2What did Thomas Hobbes contribute to the Enlightenment?He said that we need a king that can protect the people and make trusted decisions for them.
- 3What did Voltaire contribute to the Enlightenment?Stated that people should have freedoms of thought, speech, and religion (which inspired the 1st Amendment in the US Constitution)
- 4What did Rousseau contribute to the Enlightenment?Said that power corrupts people and that people should give up their power to be ruled by the "general will of authority."
- 5What were the effects of the Scientific Revolution on the society of Europe?People had a different way of thought and of viewing the world. People believed that the world could progress and be perfected. Moreover, science ideas brought the European governments to the ground.
- 6What is meant by "Natural Rights"?Natural Rights Rights that belong to people since birth; right to life, liberty, and property
- 7What is "Liberty"?Having freedom in society with little or no restrictions.
- 8How did the Enlightenment lead to the American and French Revolution?The enlightenment led to ideas that government was misusing and was taking away peoples' liberty and equality.
- 9What did Montesquieu contribute to the Enlightenment?Had the idea of dividing the government's power into three (separation of powers) branches. No branches would have more power over another branch (checks and balances).
- 10How did Marry Wollstonecraft contribute to the Enlightenment?Had the Idea that women should have the same rights as men, equal rights.
- 11How did Jefferson contribute to the Enlightenment?His "Declaration of Independence" inspired people to overthrow their government and democracy.
- 12What does "Enlightened Despot" mean?Absolute Rulers that embrace the new ideas and reforms created during the Enlightenment.
- 13Give some examples of "Enlightened Despots."Catherine the Great of Russia, Fredrick the II of Prussia, and Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II of Austria.
- 14What did Fredrick the II of Prussia do during the Enlightenment?He granted many religious freedoms, abolished torture, and improved the education and justice system.
- 15What did Catherine the Great of Russia do during the Enlightenment?Modernized and reformed Russsia according the writings of philosophies.
- 16What did Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II of Austria do during the Enlightenment?Tried to enforce freedom of religion
- 17What was the Enlightenment?A cultural and scientific movement
that began in the late 17th - 18th century emphasizing reason and individualism, rather than tradition. - 18What is a social contract?Agreement by which people give up a state of nature for an organized society.
- 19What did Becarria contribute to the Enlightenment?Had the idea of abolishing torture. Lead to torture becoming outlawed or reduced in Europe and North America.
- 20What did Issac Newton's ideas contribute to?The Scientific Revolution.
- 21What is the Scientific Revolution?Scientific discoveries and A new way of how people viewed the world.
- 22What did the Scientific Revolution encourage people to do?The Scientific Revolution encouraged people to question things around them.
- 23What did Fredrick the II of Prussia call himself?"The first servant of the state"
- 24What is a salon?A palace where social gatherings were held. Philosophers, artists, writers, scientists, and other great intellects went to discuss ideas.
- 25Freedom/Liberty AnalogyOnce people have a small taste of freedom, then they will want more.
American Revolution = 1st taste ice cream!!! - 26Why is learning good?The more we know, the more we learn, the greater ideas are created.
- 27Why didn't people (at first) not want a democracy?They considered Roman & Greek democracy a failure (because their government didn't last as long)
- 28Who was Dennis Diderot and what did he do?He collected collected Enlightenment articles in an Encyclopedia that helped to spread ideas throughout Europe and the Americas. His Encyclopedia had articles from famous authors.
- 29How did new ideas create greater challenges to society?While churches and monarchies tried to stop the flow of ideas, Enlightenment thinkers found new ways of spreading their ideas, such as through novels and salons.
- 30How did churches and monasteries try to stop Enlightenment ideas from being spread?Through censorship
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- High School Diploma Social Studies (World History) FlashCards sobre The Enlightenment, criado por Niat L em 22-01-2014.
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