Flashcards
Class differences in education- External
Flashcards do conjunto (25)
- 1What are two external factors that may explain the difference of educational achievement between classes?Cultural deprivation - Dont have the right values and attitudes needed to succeed
Material deprivation- Are struggling financially which prevents educational success - 2In which ways may one be culturally deprived?-Language- those who were challenged at a younger age to evaluate their understanding had more signs of developed cognitive performance
-Speech codes -Restricted and elaborated
-Working class subculture has different beliefs to mainstream society - 3What are some of the beliefs of the working class sub culture?-Fatalism; what ever happens, happens
-Immediate gratification; pleasure for now
-Present time orientation; living in the present is more important than planning for the future
Collectivism; better to fail as a group than succeed as an individual - 4Who agrees with the idea that the differences of working class subculture affect how working class children do in schoolBarry Sugarman
- 5What did Berstein believe?-The different speech code have a big influence on child achievement
-Elaborated
-Restricted - 6How could Berstein be criticised?-Although he does state that the external factor of speech codes a reason why working class children achieve less, he states that the internal factor of the school not teach to use elaborate code is another reason for the lack of achievement
- 7What did Fernstein believe?The most influencial factor leading to a childs uccess is their parents attitude towards it. This is supported by Douglas' findings
- 8Who found that parents who placed less value on education were less likely to encourage their children to do well, leading to the child having less interest in education?Douglas
- 9Who believes in the myth cultural deprivation?Nell Keddie; -Cultural deprivation is a form of victim blaming. A child cannot be deprived of their own culture, it is just different and that working class children are at a disadvantage when in the middle class dominated school system
- 10Who supports Keddie in being against cultural deprivation?Tryona and Williams;
-Disagree with Bernstein as they think the childs speech isnt the problem, its the way the school sees children based on the way they speak - speach hierarchy
Blackstone and Mortimore- Parents are interested in childs education. They just attend fewer parents evenings due to longer or irregular hours or discouraged by the middle class atmosphere - 11What does material deprivation mean?-Referring to the lack of material necessities and poverty
- 12Discuss how housing can affect a childs achievement-Cramped housing - No space to do work
-Accident prone
-Frequently moving to temporary houses distrupts childs learning - 13How does poverty in diet affect a child?-Marilyn howard discovered that youngers from poorer homes have less energy, vitamins and minerals. This lack of nutrition may mean theyre weaker overall and lead to more health problems and lower concentraiton in school
- 14Why might lack of equipment lead to a child not succeeding in school?They may get bullied for the use of hnd me downs and be discouraged from going to school
-They may miss out on opportunities such as trips that may help in school
-They might not be familiar with certain equipment that is needed later in life - 15Fear of debt is one reason why working class children may not want to be involved in education. How might this affect their choices?-Deter from applying to university
-Debt is something that is quite averse
-Financial support may be limited thus restricting their choices in life - 16Who agrees with Marilyn Howard?-Richard Wilkinson; He found that amongst 10 year olds, the lower the social class the higher the level of anxiety, hyperactivity and conduct disorders. This supports Howards idea that children from working class are more likely to have emotional and behavioural problems
- 17What did Blanden and Machin discover?Children from lower class families were more likely to take part in externalising behaviour. e.g fighting and tantrums
- 18Who believes that The financial cost of education is the reason why working class children dont do as well? Who are they supported by?-David Bull
-Emily Tanner who found that the cost of things really places stress on working class parents
-Ridge found that working class children often took on jobs which may have influenced their schoolwork - 19Callender and Jackson believed that what?The attitude of working class children to debt influenced whether they applied for uni or not.
Working class children were over five times less likely to apply for university - 20What did Diane Reay discover?-Working class children were more likely to apply closer to home to save on travel costs but this limited their opportunities to go to some of the higher status unis
- 21What is cultural capital? What does it included?-An explanation of why middle class children are more successful
-It includes attitude, language, interests, values, abilities, knowledge - 22Why is middle class seen as cultural capital?-Because, like money and wealth, it gives people an advantage in life, if they possess it.
When socialised in a middle class culture, children are able to think, act and analyse in more detail, these values are rewarded in the middle class school system as qualification - 23What does Bourdieu believe about the three capitals?-That they are interchangeable.
-If one has economical capital, they can convert it to educational by sending children to private schools - 24Who tested bourdieus ideas and what did they find?-Alice Sullivan
-Those who read complicated fiction nd watched serious documentaries had a wider use of vocbulary and more cultural knowledge. Those with more cultural knowledge were children of graduates and were more likely to pass in GCSEs - 25—
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- AS level Sociology FlashCards sobre Class differences in education- External, criado por Sparkle Shine em 29-12-2016.
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