Quiz
CHAPTER 6
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Questions in this quiz (69)
1A researcher seeks to understand the reasons that a person uses drugs. Which approach is the
researcher most likely to adopt?- Asingle-trait
- Bmany-trait
- Cessential-trait
- Dtypological
2A researcher interested in identifying common patterns of trait variation that characterize whole
persons is using a ________ approach.- Asingle-trait
- BTypological
- Cconfigural
- Dmany-trait
3A researcher who starts with an interest in delinquency and then identifies the traits associated with
that category of behavior is taking a ________ approach.- Asingle-trait
- Bmany-trait
- Cessential-trait
- Dtypological
4A researcher who tries to discover the most important or basic personality traits that exist is taking a
________ approach.- Asingle-trait
- Bmany-trait
- Cessential-trait
- Dtypological
5People who adjust their behavior to best fit the situation are called ________, and people whose
behavior is guided by their personality are called ________.- Aego resilient; ego controlled
- Bego controlled; ego resilient
- Chigh self-monitors; low self-monitors
- Dlow self-monitors; high self-monitors
6When compared to high self-monitors, people who score low in self-monitoring tend to ________.
- Aperform better in job interviews
- Buse strategies to influence coworkers
- Cbe willing to lie to get a date
- Dmasturbate less often
7Low self-monitors are more likely than high self-monitors to be described as ________.
- Atalkative
- Bself-dramatizing
- Chaving social poise and presence
- Dindependent
8Research on ________ addresses important questions concerning the way that inner reality and the
private self relate to external reality and the self as presented to others.- Aauthoritarianism
- Bintroversion and extraversion
- Cself-monitoring
- Dconscientiousness
9Given Snyder’s description of self-monitoring, you would expect someone who is low in selfmonitoring
to be ________ than someone high in self-monitoring.- Aharder to judge
- Beasier to judge
- Cless depressed
- Dless conscientious
10According to recent research about personality and energy drink preferences, those high in selfmonitoring
would likely prefer which brand of energy drink in a consumer taste test study?- ASuperstar Energy
- BAcme Energy Drink
- CEnergy Enhancer
- DEnergy for You
11Julie is a serious and conscientious employee; however, with her friends at happy hour on Friday
afternoon she is the life of the party. According to Snyder’s theory, Julie would most likely be
________.- Aa high self-monitor
- Ba low self-monitor
- Chigh in private self-consciousness
- Dlow in public self-consciousness
12Which trait is associated with obsessive effort into hairstyles and clothing?
- Aconscientiousness
- Bself-monitoring
- Cnarcissism
- Dauthoritarianism
13Which dimension of personality assessed by the Narcissistic Personality Inventory appears to be the
one most responsible for obnoxious and arrogant behavior?- Aleadership/authority
- Bself-sufficiency
- Centitlement/exploitativeness
- Dself-esteem
14Which trait is associated with positive first impressions but more negative impressions in longer-term
relationships?- Aconscientiousness
- Bself-monitoring
- Cnarcissism
- Dauthoritarianism
15Which of the following is NOT a currently discussed explanation for narcissistic behavior?
- ANarcissists are struggling to maintain an unrealistic self-concept.
- BNarcissists have trouble controlling impulses.
- CNarcissists are motivated by power and prestige and use certain strategies to attain these
goals. - DNarcissists are actually shy and timid but believe that these traits reflect personal
weaknesses.
16The items in the California Q-Set were derived from ________.
- Aa quantitative factor analysis
- Ba biologically based model of personality
- CAllport and Odbert’s original list of trait terms from everyday language
- Defforts by researchers to develop an adequate list of items
17The ________ is a personality assessment device consisting of a deck of 100 cards, each of which
describes an aspect of personality. These cards are sorted into categories by the respondent.- ACalifornia F scale
- Bself-monitoring scale
- CCalifornia Q-Set
- DNEO Personality Inventory
18The most important advantage of Q-sorting is that it ________.
- Aallows the judge to rate the target person consistently high or low on every trait
- Bdoes not require the judge to make subtle discriminations between trait ratings
- Ccan only be used by trained clinicians, thus preventing problems with untrained judges
- Dforces the judge to compare all the items directly against each other
19A researcher taking the many-trait approach to understanding personality would likely use which of
the following measurement instruments?- ACalifornia F scale
- BCalifornia Q-Set
- Cthe NEO-PI neuroticism scale
- Dself-monitoring scale
20Which of the following behaviors is an example discussed in the textbook of the many-trait approach?
- Aword use
- Bdrug use
- Cbullying
- Dtechnology use
21The most important thing to notice about a table of Q-sort correlates is the________.
- Ageneral patterns that emerge
- Bexact value of the correlations
- Cwording of specific items
- Dsmallest correlation
22Fast and Funder (2008) found that using words like “guarantee” was correlated .21 with “has a high
aspiration for self.” Which of the following is a correct interpretation of this finding?- AParticipants who used the word “guarantee” were very likely to also have high
aspirations. - BParticipants who used the word “guarantee” were very unlikely to also have high
aspirations. - CParticipants who used the word “guarantee” were slightly more likely to also have high
aspirations. - DParticipants who used the word “guarantee” were slightly less likely to also have high
aspirations.
- AParticipants who used the word “guarantee” were very likely to also have high
23Research has shown that when people use words such as ________ to describe their life story, they are
described by acquaintances as more intelligent.- Aabsolutely
- Bsmart
- Cpositivity
- Dmindfully
24Mani is seriously depressed at age 18. Research using the Q-sort suggests that as a child, he probably
would have been described as ________.- Aaggressive
- Bovercontrolled
- Cundercontrolled
- Degocentric
25Sally is seriously depressed at age 18. Research using the Q-sort suggests that as a child, she probably
would have been described as ________.- Aaggressive
- Bovercontrolled
- Cundercontrolled
- Degocentric
26According to a relatively recent study, which of the following is one of the reactions of individuals
high on right-wing authoritarianism when playing experimental games?- AThey are less likely to obey an experimenter’s commands.
- BThey seek to win at all costs.
- CThey experience more positive emotions than non-authoritarians.
- DThey tend to be uncooperative and inflexible.
27Jack Block found that 23-year-olds who described themselves as being politically conservative were
likely to have been described as ________ at age 3.- Aself-reliant and energetic
- Bguilty and anxious
- Cmaintaining close relationships
- Demotionally unstable and aggressive
28Which of the following is NOT a dimension that would likely show differences between liberals and
conservatives?- Aharm/care
- Bin-group loyalty
- Cauthority/respect
- Dpurity
29What is another name for ego resiliency?
- Apsychological adjustment
- Bself-monitoring
- Cextraversion
- Dself-control
30What is another name for ego control?
- Apsychological adjustment
- Bself-monitoring
- Cemotional stability
- Dself-control
31What are essential traits according to Jack Block?
- Aneuroticism/extraversion
- Bnegative emotionality/positive emotionality
- Cstability/plasticity
- Dego control/ego resiliency
32What are the essential traits according to Hans Eysenck?
- Aneuroticism/extraversion/openness to experience
- Bneuroticism/extraversion/psychoticism
- Cego control/ego resiliency/ego adjustment
- Dpositive emotionality/negative emotionality/constraint
33What are the Big Three traits according to Auke Tellegen?
- Aneuroticism/extraversion/openness to experience
- Bneuroticism/extraversion/psychoticism
- Cego control/ego resiliency/ego adjustment
- Dpositive emotionality/negative emotionality/constraint
34Which essential trait theorist developed a model with the strongest ties to psychoanalytic ideas?
- AJack Block
- BHans Eysenck
- CAuke Tellegen
- DRaymond Cattell
35A researcher using factor analysis to identify basic traits is likely to favor the ________ approach.
- Asingle-trait
- Bmany-trait
- Cessential-trait
- Dtypological
36According to Jack Block, ego ________ gets people into trouble, but ego ________ gets people out of
trouble.- Aundercontrol; overcontrol
- Bresiliency; overcontrol
- Covercontrol; undercontrol
- Dundercontrol; resiliency
37Positive emotionality in Tellegen’s three-factor model is closest to which trait in Eysenck’s model?
- Aextraversion
- Bopenness to experience
- Cpsychoticism
- Dneuroticism
38Negative emotionality in Tellegen’s three-factor model is closest to which trait in Eysenck’s model?
- Aextraversion
- Bopenness to experience
- Cpsychoticism
- Dneuroticism
39Factor analyses are mostly based on which of the following pieces of information?
- Aresearchers’ judgments
- Bsuperfactors
- Cthematic apperception tests
- Dcorrelation matrices
40Which of the following terms describes the result of Raymond Cattell’s factor analysis, which revealed
16 factors?- Aunderextraction
- Boverextraction
- Csuperfactors
- Dfacets
41Sally is a strong proponent of the lexical hypothesis. Where would she likely begin her search for the
essential traits of personality?- Athe dictionary
- Bby observing the personalities of nonhuman animals
- CEysenck’s theories
- Dancient Greek medical texts
42According to one survey of employers, seven out of the top eight qualities sought in new employees
involved ________.- AIntelligence
- BAgreeableness
- Cemotional intelligence
- Dconscientiousness
43Which trait has been consistently linked to a range of health outcomes?
- Aneuroticism
- Bauthoritarianism
- Copenness
- Dconscientiousness
44According to a recent study described in the textbook, which trait has been linked to a decrease in life
satisfaction following a bout of unemployment?- Aagreeableness
- Bconscientiousness
- Cnarcissism
- Dself-monitoring
45Which trait is linked to reduced creativity in group problem-solving tasks?
- Anarcissism
- Bopenness
- Cconscientiousness
- Dself-monitoring
46According to the text, tests of conscientiousness seem to predict ________ better than they predict
________.- Aemployee thefts; supervisors’ ratings of job performance
- Bjob satisfaction; employee thefts
- Csupervisors’ ratings of job performance; employee thefts
- Dcriminal behavior; job behavior
47Which Big Five domain captures a tendency to experience positive emotions?
- Aneuroticism
- Bextraversion
- Cconscientiousness
- Dopenness
48Which Big Five domain captures a tendency to experience negative emotions?
- Aneuroticism
- Bextraversion
- Cconscientiousness
- Dopenness
49Which Big Five domain is related to less smoking?
- Apsychoticism
- Bextraversion
- Cagreeableness
- Dopenness
50Which of the Big Five traits appears to be the most complex and “difficult to grasp”?
- Aneuroticism
- Bextraversion
- Cpsychoticism
- Dopenness
51According to recent research, which trait seems to be related to quicker recovery from disabling
accidents or illnesses?- Aagreeableness
- Bneuroticism
- Cconscientiousness
- Dopenness
52Which trait is most closely linked with dominance?
- Aagreeableness
- Bconscientiousness
- Cneuroticism
- Dextraversion
53Which of the Big Five traits appears to have the most inconsistency in terms of cross-cultural
replication?- Aagreeableness
- Bextraversion
- Cpsychoticism
- Dopenness
54Based on research, the resident of which of these cities will probably score the highest on openness?
- ADes Moines, Iowa
- BMilwaukee, Wisconsin
- CChicago, Illinois
- DMiami, Florida
55Factor analyses have revealed a broader personality factor called plasticity. Which of the following Big
Five factors are subfactors of this factor?- Aconscientiousness and extraversion
- Bopenness and neuroticism
- Cextraversion and openness
- Dneuroticism and agreeableness
56Factor analyses have revealed a broader personality factor called stability. Which of the following Big
Five factors are subfactors of this factor?- Aextraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness
- Bextraversion, openness, conscientiousness
- Cneuroticism, openness, agreeableness
- Dneuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness
57Which of the following traits is largely independent of integrity tests?
- Aopenness
- Bagreeableness
- Cemotional stability
- Dconscientiousness
58The lower your score is on measures of psychological health and well-being, the ________.
- Ahigher your score is on agreeableness
- Bhigher your score is on neuroticism
- Chigher your score is on self-monitoring
- Dlower your score is on authoritarianism
59In order to alleviate the effects of bias in employment testing, employers might want to use ________
because they typically do not show racial or ethnic differences.- Aaptitude tests
- Bability tests
- Ctests of conscientiousness
- Dachievement tests
60Cross-cultural research on the Big Five suggests that ________.
- Athe same Big Five are found in all cultures that have been studied to date
- Bnone of the factors appears to replicate cross-culturally
- Cthe central attributes of personality are generally similar in other cultures, but there are at
least a few important differences - Dsome of the U.S. factors are found in studies using European samples, but none of the
U.S. factors are found in studies of Asian samples
61Which of the following characteristics is NOT associated with conscientiousness?
- Ahigh IQ
- Bavoidance of risks
- Ceducational level
- Dlongevity
62Though some researchers disagree, after over 60 years of research, most personality psychologists
think there are how many essential personality factors?- A3
- B4
- C5
- D6
63The Big Five are believed to be orthogonal factors of personality. What does orthogonal mean?
- APeople’s scores on one of the factors are useful for predicting their scores on only one of
the other factors. - BPeople’s scores on one of the factors are useful for predicting their scores on two of the
other factors. - CPeople’s scores on one of the factors are useful for predicting their scores on three or four
of the other factors. - DPeople’s scores on one of the factors do not predict their scores on any of the other
factors.
- APeople’s scores on one of the factors are useful for predicting their scores on only one of
64Which trait describes people who are psychologically well adjusted and tend to be religious?
- Ahonesty-humility
- Bsensuality
- Cfrugality
- Dhumor
65According to the text, which three personality types are the most replicable?
- Awell-adjusted/undercontrolled/overcontrolled
- BType A/Type B/ Type D
- CIntrovert/Extravert/Thinker
- Dresilient/controlled/anomic
66The ________ approach to personality usually assumes that all people can be characterized by points
on a continuous score of measurement; the ________ approach to personality suggests that people
might differ in kind more than in degree.- Atypological; trait
- Btrait; typological
- Cessential-trait; single-trait
- Dconstructivist; critical realist
67Which of the following does NOT describe a reason that people gravitate to the typological approach
in contrast to the trait approach?- AQualitative differences between types of people are somewhat easier to comprehend than
traits. - BThe typological approach has many years worth of empirical support.
- CThe trait approach assumes that people can be characterized using similar traits, which
might be wrong. - DDifferent types of people may be qualitatively distinct from each other.
- AQualitative differences between types of people are somewhat easier to comprehend than
68Which choice does NOT describe a reason that the typological approach to personality traits is less
valid than trait-based approaches?- AResearchers have to know which personality types are sufficient, which is very difficult.
- BPersonality is more diverse than typological approaches would lead us to believe.
- CPersonality types may summarize many traits within an overarching label.
- DKnowing a person’s personality type lends a researcher little ability to better predict
behavior beyond traits.
69What is the best summary of the current state of knowledge about personality types?
- AKnowing a person’s personality type adds to our ability to predict his or her behavior
beyond what can be predicted by knowing how the person stands on the traits that define
the typology. - BAlthough types add little for psychometric purposes of measurement and prediction, they
still may have value as aids in education and theorizing. - CThere are five basic personality types, each corresponding to one of the Big Five
personality traits. - DCompared to the trait approach, the typological approach is completely useless for
explaining or describing people or behavior.
- AKnowing a person’s personality type adds to our ability to predict his or her behavior
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- Psychology 150 Quiz on CHAPTER 6, created by J P on 03/12/2017.
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- J P
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